二苯并噻吩在分散型钼催化剂和原位产生的氢存在下的加氢脱硫Ⅲ. 催化剂前身物、硫化氢、一氧化碳和水对反应的影响(英)

研究了水／ 甲苯乳化液中二苯并噻吩（ 硫芴） 在分散型钼酸、磷钼酸和四硫钼酸铵催化剂存在下的加氢脱硫反应． 反应在高压釜中于３４０ ℃及三种不同的气氛即Ｈ２ ，Ｈ２／Ｈ２ Ｏ和ＣＯ／Ｈ２Ｏ（ＣＯ 和Ｈ２Ｏ 经水煤气转换反应（ ＷＧＳＲ） 产生原位氢） 的存在下进行． 用ＧＣ和ＧＣＭＳ鉴定、分析了气体和液体产物的组成． 结果表明： 对硫芴的加氢脱硫反应，在分散型四硫钼酸铵催化剂存在下，原位产生的氢的效果仅比加入的氢气稍好，而在分散型钼酸和磷钼酸催化剂存在下，原位产生的氢远比加入的氢气有效． 实验结果还表明： 硫化氢能显著提高分散型钼酸和磷钼酸催化剂的加氢脱硫活性，但在分散型四硫钼酸铵催化剂存在下，硫化氢能促进加氢反应而抑制氢解反应． 一氧化碳和水均选择性地抑制氢解反应．     

相对论中物体运动的表观现象

阐明了相对论中“测量”与“观察”两个不同的概念，论述了高速运动秩本的视觉现象，从而澄清了洛仑慈收缩是一种观察效应的误解。     

随机分组抽样下流大小分布估计

流大小分布是网络测量中一个重要的度量。已有的研究表明在MLE（极大似然估计）算法中运用TCP流的协议信息能够更好的估计流大小分布。本文详细比较了运用TCP流的SYN包和TCP序列号信息的几种MLE算法，并在此基础上结合实际应用提出了一种对小流采取细粒度、对大流采取粗粒度的非均匀粒度的流大小估计算法。实验结果表明，该算法在减少了MLE估计计算量的同时，提高了粗粒度后大流估计精度。     

Bell’s Theorem,Many Worlds and Backwards-Time Physics: Not Just a Matter of Interpretation

The classic “Bell’s Theorem” of Clauser, Holt, Shimony and Horne tells us that we must give up at least one of: (1) objective reality (aka “hidden variables”); (2) locality; or (3) time-forwards macroscopic statistics (aka “causality”). The orthodox Copenhagen version of physics gives up the first. The many-worlds theory of Everett and Wheeler gives up the second. The backwards-time theory of physics (BTP) gives up the third. Contrary to conventional wisdom, empirical evidence strongly favors Everett-Wheeler over orthodox Copenhagen. BTP allows two major variations—a many-worlds version and a neoclassical version based on Partial Differential Equations (PDE), in the spirit of Einstein. Section 2 of this paper discusses the origins of quantum measurement according to BTP, focusing on the issue of how we represent condensed matter objects like polarizers in a model “Bell’s Theorem” experiment. The backwards time telegraph (BTT) is not ruled out in BTP, but is highly speculative for now, as will be discussed. The views herein are not anyone’s official views, but this does constitute work produced on government time.     

A new method for the evaluation of the reversible and irreversible fouling propensity of MBR mixed liquor

In this paper, a new fouling measurement method is presented as a pragmatic approach to determine a mixed liquor's fouling propensity. The MBR-VFM (VITO Fouling Measurement) uses a specific measurement protocol consisting of alternating filtration and physical cleaning steps, which enables the calculation of both the reversible and the irreversible fouling resistances. The MBR-VFM principle, set-up and measurement protocol are described as well as the evaluation of the fouling measurement method. Finally, the MBR-VFM was validated by comparing the fouling propensity measured on-line by the MBR-VFM in a lab-scale MBR with the fouling of the MBR membranes themselves. Our experiments indicated that the MBR-VFM can accurately measure fouling and that it can even be detected earlier than can be seen from the on-line filtration data of the lab-scale system itself. Furthermore, the differences measured in reversible and irreversible fouling seemed to be related to the observed impact of physical and chemical cleaning respectively. Therefore, the application of the MBR-VFM as an on-line sensor in an advanced control system, enabling the deployment of the measured fouling data for the control of membrane cleaning, seems feasible and will be tested in the near future.     

广东江门古兜山保护区光叶红豆种群径级结构与空间分布格局

为了解广东江门古兜山省级自然保护区内天然分布的珍稀濒危植物光叶红豆Ormosia glaberrima 种群的生存现状，本研究基于1 hm²固定样地数据进行光叶红豆种群径级结构分析，并采用点格局分析方法研究种群空间分布格局。结果表明，光叶红豆的径级结构呈倒“J”型，个体以幼树为主，同时幼树和壮龄树死亡率也较高，随着径级增大，个体的存活率趋于稳定，整体表现为增长型，种群结构较为稳定；在小空间尺度上，光叶红豆个体间呈聚集分布，而随着空间尺度的增大，个体倾向于随机分布。光叶红豆幼树呈聚集分布，随着径级增加，空间分布的聚集程度下降，成树呈随机分布。因此，古兜山光叶红豆种群的空间分布格局主要受幼树、壮龄树死亡率较高和密度影响，建议通过适度开辟林窗等方式加强就地保护，结合迁地保护降低幼树密度，促进光叶红豆种群更新。     

化工装置常用流量计原理及选型使用探讨

介绍了电磁式、涡轮式、差压式等几种流量计的原理及选型与安装使用,阐述了各自的特点。     

用等值宽度法测量fs脉冲宽度

本文提出利用等值宽度测量fs光脉冲持续时间的方法.给出了脉冲形状为sech~2 (t/T)、exp(-2t~2/T~2)和exp(-2|t|/T)的干涉相关曲线上包络与相应二阶强度相关曲线半宽度等值的位置,它们分别是3.984、4.875和4.928.定义了两种相关测量的临界延迟速度.理论分析与实验结果符合得很好.所得结果表明,该测量方法可将常规超短脉冲相关测量的时间分辨率提高几倍至几十倍.