高压水射流自旋式割缝技术在柿花田煤矿的应用

瓦斯治理的根本措施是抽放,然而应用单一钻孔预抽瓦斯,钻孔直径是决定抽放效果的关键因素.孔径小,其自由面小,瓦斯的排放速度低,等待开采的时间较长,影响了矿井的生产效率,而孔径又不能太大,否则在煤层综合应力下,孔的形成和孔的稳定性会受到破坏,而且孔径大的钻孔钻进速度较慢,效率较低,而且钻孔的有效煤孔段往往只占整个钻孔的一小部分,完全没有必要施工孔径较大的钻孔.介绍了一种新型高压水射流自旋式割缝技术,该技术可以有效解决上述问题.高压水射流自旋式割缝设备主要由高压水泵、水箱、高压胶管、高压密封钻杆、旋转接头、力矩喷头和喷嘴组成,该技术是在瓦斯抽采钻孔完成后,利用钻机将切割钻具输送至孔内,采取后退切割的方式,对钻孔内煤体进行切割,形成若干个垂直于钻孔方向的圆盘状缝隙,使孔内煤体暴露面积增加,同时由于高压注水作用,缝隙周围裂隙增加使煤体的透气性增强,从而有效提高抽采效率.试验发现：该技术的割缝半径为0.6～0.7m,使用该技术切割后,瓦斯涌出量大幅增加,百米瓦斯自排量和瓦斯抽放量分别是非切割钻孔的5.6和4.5倍,且衰减系数有所增加.     

Real‐Time Nanomicroscopy via Three‐Dimensional Single‐Particle Tracking

We developed a new method for real‐time, three‐dimensional tracking of fluorescent particles. The instrument is based on a laser‐scanning confocal microscope where the focus of the laser beam is scanned or orbited around the particle. Two confocal pinholes are used to simultaneously monitor regions immediately above and below the particle and a feedback loop is used to keep the orbit centered on the particle. For moderate count rates, this system can track particles with 15 nm spatial resolution in the lateral dimensions and 50 nm in the axial dimension at a temporal resolution of 32 ms. To investigate the interaction of the tracked particles with cellular components, we have combined our orbital tracking microscope with a dual‐color, wide‐field setup. Dual‐color fluorescence wide‐field images are recorded simultaneously in the same image plane as the particle being tracked. The functionality of the system was demonstrated by tracking fluorescent‐labeled artificial viruses in tubulin‐eGFP expressing HUH7 cells. The resulting trajectories can be used to investigate the microtubule network with super resolution.     

初分流量程序及其接入主程序的方法

为使给水管网的初分流量完全由机器自动完成 ,必须将分配初始流量子程序接入主程序。文章采用赋值矩阵 ,构造了机器自动赋值的模型 ,给出了初分流量子程序及接入主程序的方法。文章提出的连接方法具有较强的通用性 ,可方便地用于给水管网的优化计算 ,以实现自动分配管网所有管段的流量。     

Buck型DC-DC变换器中单输入模糊控制器的设计与实现

提出了一种简化的用于数字控制DC-DC变换器的模糊控制算法——单输入模糊控制算法.通过在算法中引入符号距离法,将常规模糊控制算法中的2个输入简化为单个输入,从而使相应的模糊规则条数明显减少.在此基础上,采用FPGA设计了单输入模糊控制器,并进行了系统验证.测试结果表明,在输入电压为2.7～3.5 V、输出电压为0.8～1.5 V的Buck型DC-DC开关变换器中,系统的建立时间小于150 ms,稳态误差小于10 mV.与常规模糊控制器相比,这种单输入模糊控制器具有设计、调节和硬件实现简单等优势,因而有望在数字控制DC-DC变换器中得到广泛应用.     

卫生洁具形成虹吸现象的VOF模型判定方法

利用标准k-ε湍流模型,闭合非定常气、液多相流的N-S方程,采用有限体积法和非结构化网格,数值模拟了虹吸式卫生洁具冲水流道的三维流动,由残余污水的测试实验验证了该数学模型的正确性。对排污管的驼峰顶断面的气、液两相的体积分数积分数进行了定量计算,获得了其虹吸现象形成的数值判据。对卫生洁具流道形成虹吸现象的水力特性实现了预测,为虹吸式卫生洁具的出水流道水力设计优化提供了理论依据。     

Ultrasonic nebulization extraction coupled with headspace single drop microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of the essential oil in Cuminum cyminum L.

A novel method for analysis of essential oil in Cuminum cyminum L. using simultaneous ultrasonic nebulization extraction and headspace single drop microextraction (UNE-HS-SDME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed. Experimental parameters, including the kind of suspended solvent, microdrop volume, sample amount, extraction time, enrichment time and salt concentration were examined and optimized. Compared with hydrodistillation (HD), UNE-HS-SDME provides the advantages of a small amount of sample (50 mg), time-saving (20 min), simplicity, cheapness and low toxicity. In addition, UNE-HS-SDME also provided higher enrichment efficiency and sensitivity compared with stirring extraction (SE)-HS-SDME, ultrasonic assistant extraction (UAE) and UNE. Some constituents in the essential oil, were identified and the detection limits for β-pinene, p-cymene and γ-terpinene range from 6.67 pL L⁻¹ to 14.8 pL L⁻¹. The results indicated that the UNE-HS-SDME is simple and highly efficient extraction and enrichment technique.     

中国西北部5个民族群体Y染色体遗传分析

研究了来自中国西北部甘肃省的5个民族群体的403个男性个体的Y染色体遗传特征,其中3个为甘肃省特有少数民族:东乡族(133人)、裕固族(56人)、保安族(78人).另外,还有回族(66人)和汉族(70人).研究共涉及Y染色体上的17个遗传多态位点,其中1个是微卫星(DYS19).另外,有16个位点是单核苷酸多态位点,包括M9,92R7,SRY1532,Tat,LLY22g,SRY2627,RPS4Y,12F2,SRY8299,SY81,M20, L1Y,SRY 465,47Z,APT和DYS287(YAP).除了插入片段多态位点DYS287(YAP)使用琼脂糖直接检测外,其余位点均采用PCR-RFLP方法研究.在所研究的5个群体中,仅有7个单核苷酸M9,92R7,SRY1532,RPS4Y,12F2,L1Y和DYS287(YAP)表现为多态,且构成了9种单倍群(单倍群HG1,HG2,HG3,HG4,HG9,HG10,HG13,HG16和HG26).其中:回族拥有全部9种类型,而东乡族和汉族拥有8种,保安族和裕固族占据7种类型.     

三峡工程泄水建筑物水力优化设计

三峡大坝在运行期和施工导流期要求的泄水能力分别达10万m3/s和7万m3/s,大坝设有永久泄水深孔23个、表孔22个、导流底孔22个.大坝采用深孔、表孔、导流底孔3层孔口相间布置方式,缩短了溢流前缘长度,解决了枢纽泄洪难题.深孔的主要作用是宣泄千年一遇以下洪水,同时还担负着三期导流及围堰发电期间渡汛泄水任务.深孔具有数量多、尺寸大、水头高、水位变幅大、运用时间长和操作频繁等特点,其进口堰顶上游坝面及侧面采用1/4椭圆曲线,堰面下游接1∶0.7的斜坡段后再接R=30 m的反弧段.通过布置方案的论证和试验研究,深孔选用短有压管接明渠泄槽跌坎布置方案,底孔选用长有压管布置方案.     

Reactions of Nucleophiles with Nitroarenes: Multifacial and Versatile Electrophiles

In this overview, it is shown that there are many initial reactions between nitroarenes and nucleophiles: addition to the electron‐deficient ring at positions occupied by halogen and hydrogen atoms, addition to the nitro group, single‐electron transfer (SET), and other types of initial reactions. The resulting intermediates react further in a variety of ways to form products of nucleophilic substitution of a halogen atom (S_NAr), a hydrogen atom (S_NArH), and others. Many variants of these processes are briefly discussed, particularly in relation of rates of the initial reactions and further transformations.     

地铁盾构机的整体运输方案与实施

通过设计承载牛腿和均载梁将盾构机的集中载荷均布到400t液压全挂车上,经过施工组织,成功地进行了我国第一次的地铁盾构机整体运输．