The AFM observation of linear chain and crystalline conformations of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene molecules on mica and graphite

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been applied to visualize expanded linear chain and compact crystalline conformations of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (PE) molecules deposited on mica and graphite from diluted solutions at elevated temperatures. Isolated PE chains are visualized on mica with the apparent negative AFM height and the contour length much shorter than the molecular length. The chain conformations have both the kinked random‐coil sites and the sites of the unexpectedly large two‐dimensional expansion. The crystalline conformations on mica are small single‐molecule rod‐like nanocrystallites and the isolated block‐type “edge‐on” nanolamellae comprising several PE molecules. Noticeable fluctuations of the fold length in the range of approximately 10–20 nm around the averaged value of about 15 nm are observed for nanocrystallites and on tips of some nanolamellae. The explanation of the experimentally observed features of chain surface conformations on mica is proposed. It implies the immobilization of PE molecules in the nm‐thickness salt layer formed on mica surface at ambient conditions after PE deposition and the presence along the chain of multiple expanded chain folds. Only isolated lamellae and lamellar domains of a monolayer height are observed on graphite samples. The substrate/polymer epitaxial incommensurability important for the observation of the PE linear chain surface conformations is discussed from the comparison of the results obtained for mica and graphite, the coil‐to‐crystal intramolecular transformation is assumed to be inhibited on mica surface. The slow disintegration of the original gel structure of PE stock‐solution used for the high‐temperature depositions was found to result in the characteristic large‐scale morphological heterogeneity of the samples. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 766–777, 2010     

Methylated Azopyridine as a New Electron Transfer Mediator for the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of NADH

Carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) has been modified with a new synthesized mediator i.e. N,N′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐azopyridinium hexafluorophosphate (MAZPHP) via sol process and the electron transfer mediating characteristics of this mediator has been evaluated. 4,4′‐Azopyridine (AZP) did not show any electrocatalytic activity toward the selected probe, NADH, while its synthesized methylated derivative, MAZPHP, is a very efficient mediator for the electrocatalytic NADH oxidation. Cyclic voltammetry of MAZPHP/Sol/CILE exhibited a pair of reversible peaks corresponding to incorporated mediator with a formal potential of about 221 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. MAZPHP/Sol/CILE is free from fouling effects by the oxidation products of NADH which generally give hindrance to amperometric detection of NADH. Using amperometric technique, NADH can be determined in the range of 1.0×10^?5 M to 1.4×10^?3 M with a detection limit of 2.0×10^?6 M.     

A Novel Method for Fabrication of a Glass-Electrode-Based Lipase Sensor

Lipase is one of the hydrolases. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides, liberating fat acids. Based on its catalysis and the response of a glass electrode to the acids, a glass-electrode-based lipase sensor can be fabricated1, which has great potential in clinical medicine for the detection of blood fat in human serum samples.The immobilization of lipase on the bulb of a glass electrode is the key to the development of the sensor. In addition to its response time, which has a lot to do …     

12—硅钼酸降解产物SiMo11铵盐的合成

在对SiMo_(12)杂多酸降解过程的研究中,首次从H_4SiMo_(12)O_(40)直接降解合成出其降解产物(NH_4)_8[SiMo_(11)O_(39)]·14H_2O。经组成分析,确认其为SiMo_(11)铵盐。利用紫外光谱分析、红外光谱分析、x射线粉末衍射、电位滴定、tga—dta热分析、薄板层析等现代分析手段对合成产物的性质进行了研究。     

Nafion®/(organically modified silicate) nanocomposites via polymer in situ sol–gel reactions: Mechanical tensile properties

A series of Nafion®/[organically modified silicate (ORMOSIL)] hybrid materials have been created by in situ sol–gel copolymerizations of tetraethylorthosilicate and semiorganic silicon alkoxide monomers. The trends in the mechanical tensile properties of these hybrid materials were largely rationalized in terms of the entrapment of the long sulfonic acid side chains in silicate or ORMOSIL structures. There is a significant increase in the mechanical strength relative to that of unfilled Nafion®, except in one case. Young's modulus is enhanced relative to that of unfilled acid form Nafion® in a number of cases, although the degree of ductility is reduced relative to that of unfilled Nafion®. The filler fractions are beneath a critical value that would reflect percolation of a glassy, direct load‐bearing silicate phase. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2237–2247, 2002     

聚丙烯酰胺在硅胶表面上的吸附及其抑制的研究

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)具有强极性,对硅胶等极性固体表面具有强烈的吸附作用,陈九顺等用4％的NaCl水溶液为淋洗液和Adamson用0.1mol/L的吗啡啉水溶液为淋洗液虽能部分解决硅胶担体对PAM样品的吸附,但他们对吸附的实质问题未进行研究,PAM等高分子化合物在固体表面上的吸附问题的研究尚处于初级阶段。     

EFFECTS OF PROCESS CONDITIONS ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF GEL-SPUN PVA FIBERS

Some noticeable effects of process conditions, such as coagulation bath, solvent extraction, drying shrinkage and ultra-drawing, on the structure and properties of gel-spun PVA fibers are studied and discussed. High strength and high modulus PVA fibers with tensile strength of 11.3 cN / dtex and initial modulus of 430 cN / dtex have been obtained.     

硅单晶中的氢催化氧沉淀

红外光谱法研究了硅单晶中的氢催化氧沉淀。     

Quartz crystal microbalance simulation of the directionality of Si etching in CF4 glow discharges

Two quartz crystal microbalances have been mounted in a planar rf discharge system in such a way that the potential of the microbalances with respect to the glow discharge can be varied. This apparatus allows a rapid simulation of the etching directionality that can be expected in real pattern transfer situations in that operating one microbalance at ground and one at a negative potential gives a measure of the sidewall and vertical etch rates, respectively. The voltage threshold for ion-assisted etching has been determined to be 20 V which is the approximate value of the plasma potential in this asymmetric system.