The preparation of thick-film glass capillary columns

A detailed method for the routine preparation of glass capillary columns is presented. The method consists of coating a glass tube with quartz powder prior to pulling the tube into a capillary. The inner surface of the capillary consists of an even distribution of quartz particles fused to the walls. This surface has been found readily deactivated by standard procedures and ideal for the preparation of thick-film glass capillary columns. The method has been thoroughly tested in two independent laboratories to ensure that the procedures described are reproducible.     

盾构隧道管片接缝密封垫防水耐久性试验研究

为研究盾构管片接缝橡胶密封垫的防水耐久性,开展了橡胶密封垫水热加速老化试验,并对老化后试样进行拉伸力学性能试验、试样表面电镜扫描与长期防水性能试验,分析了橡胶垫表面微观尺度下的防水失效机理;采用橡胶密封垫极限防水压力为耐久性评价指标,结合基于Arrhenius方程的p-T-t数学模型,推导了橡胶密封垫长期防水性能折减系数的预测公式。结果表明：老化后橡胶密封垫表面接触状况的恶化和橡胶材料的硬化,加速了橡胶密封垫接触面间渗漏通道的形成;橡胶密封垫防水性能随着老化时间的增加不断降低,但下降速度逐渐减小。采用提出的防水性能预测公式对广东榕江-关埠引水工程盾构隧洞实际使用的橡胶密封垫的耐久性进行了预测,预测服役100 a后的老化系数为0.390,结果相对于仅考虑橡胶材料力学性能时的预测结果偏小12.36%,对原设计使用期内频繁出现的渗漏现象提供了合理解释与更准确的寿命预测。     

近30年海南岛橡胶林时空变化分析

【目的】 海南岛为中国第二大植胶区和仅有的两大热区之一,揭示其橡胶林的时空变化规律,对促进我国天然橡胶产业可持续发展有重要意义。【方法】 在Google Earth Engine(GEE)云计算平台上结合Landsat和Sentinel-2系列时间序列影像和橡胶林物候等信息,以5 a为步长提取了海南岛1990—2020年间7期橡胶林分布图,分析了海南岛橡胶林的时空变化规律。【结果】 ①近30年橡胶林面积增长趋势明显,从1990年的34.44万hm²增长至2020年的58.58万hm²,净增70.11%,且整体上呈现 “北增南减”的空间变化趋势;②在市/县尺度,橡胶林面积最大的主要市/县依次是儋州市、白沙县、澄迈县和琼中县,2020年占全岛橡胶林总面积的51.58%,而三亚市、东方市、文昌市及陵水县的橡胶林面积相对较小,2020年橡胶林总面积占比为5.22%;③近30年来,海南岛91.24%的橡胶林都种植在海拔300 m以下地区,97.75%种植地在25°坡度以下,海拔600 m以上几乎没有橡胶林分布,在海拔50~200 m和坡度0~5°的区域橡胶林增长幅度最大;④海南四大国家级自然保护区的实验区或缓冲区内均有少量橡胶林分布,但面积在逐渐下降。其中,霸王岭保护区内橡胶林面积最大,五指山保护区内面积最小,近30年四大保护区内橡胶林面积累计减少了68.02%,保护效果显著。虽然研究期海南岛的橡胶林面积增长非常显著,但集中在低海拔和相对平缓的区域,没有对位于中高海拔地区的热带雨林造成影响;四大国家级自然保护区内虽均有少量橡胶林分布,但递减趋势明显。【结论】 总体而言,海南橡胶林的发展模式良好,没有以牺牲大量热带森林为代价,尚未对当地的生态环境造成严重影响。     

Surface modified precipitated calcium carbonates at a high degree of dispersion

Calcium carbonates of different degrees of surface hydrophobicity were obtained when sorbic acid or polyoxyethylene glycol were present during the precipitation. In the presence of trace amounts of divalent cations carbonates with high surface hydrophilicity and improved monodisperse character are obtained. Surface modification of the calcium carbonates by several proadhesive compounds can markedly improve the chemical affinity of the carbonates to polymers. Very effective are isostearoyl titanate and two polyoxyethylene compounds. Precipitated calcium carbonates modified with 2 to 3 percent (wt/wt) of isostearoyl titanate increased the tensile strenght of butadiene-styrene rubber by approximately 100%. Polyurethane is only strengthened when 30 wt/wt of a filler are introduced independently of the type proadhesive compounds. The best strength and hysteresis of polyurethanes are obtained with calcium carbonate modified with 2 percent (wt/wt) of polyoxyethylene glycol.     

交联助剂对PPC／NBR弹性体结构和性能的影响

研究了马来酸酐（ＭＡ）及异氰脲酸三烯丙酯（ＴＡＩＣ）对聚丙撑碳酸酯／丁腈橡胶共混弹性体结构和性能的影响，发出加入ＭＡ或ＴＡＩＣ能有效地改善交联网络；加入适量ＭＡ能显著改善共混弹性体热氧老化稳定性；加入ＴＡＩＣ使共混弹性体具有优良的高弹特性和力学性能。     

高分子气体分离膜材料的化学结构与气体透过性能之间的关系

本文以硅橡胶和聚酰亚胺为基础,从高分子的化学组成、分子链段的运动能力、侧基的大小及其作用等几个方面,讨论了聚合物的化学结构对其均质膜的气体选择透过性能的影响,以溶解扩散过程对气体分离膜材料的透气行为进行了剖析,井简述高分子化学结构对其成膜时结晶情况的影响及对气体透过的作用;还概述了气体分离膜科学发展的历史以及基本原理.     

Phase Separation in Sol-Gel System Containing Mixture of 3- and 4-Functional Alkoxysilanes

The phase separation behavior of gelling systems containing the mixture of 3-functional and 4-functional alkoxysilanes has been investigated. The relation between the starting composition and resultant macroporous morphology was examined using tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) as starting alkoxysilanes, formamide (FA) as an additive, under an acidic condition. Up to TMOS:VTMS molar ratio of 0.5:0.5, the phase relation remained almost unchanged from that of pure TMOS system which exhibits morphology with well-defined co-continuous macropores in a very limited concentration region. On the VTMS-rich side typically TMOS:VTMS = 0.2:0.8, however, the co-continuous macroporous morphology was obtained in a broader composition range than those of either pure TMOS or VTMS system. A dome-like pseudo binary region was obtained with the two-phase region extending toward FA-rich direction. The domain size and pore volume of the gels with macroporous morphology could be controlled by alkoxide:water ratio and total solvent fraction, respectively.     

线性低密度聚乙烯在与丁苯橡胶的共混体系中的结晶行为

本工作采用DSC、X-射线衍射、小角激光光散射、偏光显微镜等手段,研究了线性低密度聚乙烯/丁苯橡胶共混体系中聚乙烯的结晶结构、平衡熔点和结晶动力学。     

Prevulcanisation of skim latex: morphology and its use in natural rubber based composite material

The prevulcanisation of skim latex, a by-product of field natural rubber (NR) latex concentrated by centrifugation, using sulphur and peroxide systems was investigated. Compared to the peroxide prevulcanisation, the lower swelling ratio of film casted from sulphur-prevulcanised skim (SPVS) latex was observed. The latter was then employed for preparation of NR/SPVS core–shell particles by using heterocoagulation technique whose driving force was an interpolymer complex between poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) moieties of a non-ionic surfactant (Nonidet) adsorbed on small SPVS particles and the indigenous surfactant (protein–lipid) on a large NR particle. The value of zeta potential of heterocoagulated particle and the better oil resistance of films casted from the composite latex when compared to that of the NR film revealed the NR/SPVS core–shell structure.     

Synthesis of Ultrafine SiC Powders from Carbon-Silica Hybridized Precursors with Carbothermic Reduction

Inorganic-organic hybrid gels were prepared by simultaneous condensation of the liquid mixture of ethyl silicate, ethyl borate and water soluble phenol resin with low molecular weight. The liquid mixtures were changed into lightly colored transparent gels after a catalyst addition and stirring. The obtained gels were crushed, dried and fired in controlled conditions to yield the inorganic precursors. Since the tailored inorganic precursors mainly consisted of SiO2 and carbon, silicon carbide was formed with the heat treatments in an Ar atmosphere beyond 1773 K with carbothermic reduction. The properties and morphology of the formed silicon carbide powders in terms of the starting precursor compositions and the conditions of the carbothermic reduction were investigated with SEM, XRD and TG-DTA analysis.