Polyphenols from the Peels of Punica granatum L. and Their Bioactivity of Suppressing Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Inflammatory Cytokines and Mediators in RAW 264.7 Cells via Activating p38 MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways

Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) is a popular fruit all over the world. Owning to its enriched polyphenols, P. granatum has been widely used in treating inflammation-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Twenty polyphenols, containing nine unreported ones, named punicagranins A–I (1–9), along with eleven known isolates (10–20), were obtained from the peels. Their detailed structures were elucidated based on UV, IR, NMR, MS, optical rotation, ECD analyses and chemical evidence. The potential anti-inflammatory activities of all polyphenols were examined on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory macrophages model, which indicated that enhancing nitric oxide (NO) production in response to inflammation stimulated in RAW 264.7 cells was controlled by compounds 1, 3, 5–8, 10, 11, 14 and 16–20 in a concentration-dependent manner. The investigation of structure–activity relationships for tannins 6–8 and 12–20 suggested that HHDP, flavogallonyl and/or gallagyl were key groups for NO production inhibitory activity. Western blotting indicated that compounds 6–8 could down-regulate the phosphorylation levels of proteins p38 MAPK, IKKα/β, IκBα and NF-κB p65 as well as inhibit the levels of inflammation-related cytokines and mediators, such as IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2, at the concentration of 30 μM. In conclusion, polyphenols are proposed to be the potential anti-inflammatory active ingredients in P. granatum peels, and their molecular mechanism is likely related to the regulation of the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.     

Design,Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Indole Derivatives against Gastric Cancer Cells MGC-803 via the Suppression of ERK Signaling Pathway

[1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and indole skeletons are widely used to design anticancer agents. Therefore, in this work, a series of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine indole derivatives were designed and synthesized by the molecular hybridization strategy. The antiproliferative activities of the target compounds H1–H18 against three human cancer cell lines, MGC-803, HCT-116 and MCF-7, were tested. Among them, compound H12 exhibited the most active antiproliferative activities against MGC-803, HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 9.47, 9.58 and 13.1 μM, respectively, which were more potent than that of the positive drug 5-Fu. In addition, compound H12 could dose-dependently inhibit the growth and colony formation of MGC-803 cells. Compound H12 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the ERK signaling pathway, resulting in the decreased phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, c-Raf, MEK1/2 and AKT. Furthermore, compound 12 induced cell apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest, and regulated cell cycle-related and apoptosis-related proteins in MGC-803 cells. Taken together, we report here that [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine indole derivatives, used as anticancer agents via the suppression of ERK signaling pathway and the most active compound, H12, might be a valuable hit compound for the development of anticancer agents.     

Potential Therapeutic Targets of Resveratrol,a Plant Polyphenol,and Its Role in the Therapy of Various Types of Cancer

Cancer is among the most prominent causes of mortality worldwide. Different cancer therapy modes employed, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have been reported to be significant in cancer management, but the side effects associated with these treatment strategies are still a health problem. Therefore, alternative anticancer drugs based on medicinal plants or their active compounds have been generating attention because of their less serious side effects. Medicinal plants are an excellent source of phytochemicals that have been recognized to have health-prompting effects through modulating cell signaling pathways. Resveratrol is a well-known polyphenolic molecule with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and health-prompting effects among which its anticancer role has been best defined. Additionally, this polyphenol has confirmed its role in cancer management because it activates tumor suppressor genes, suppresses cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, inhibits angiogenesis, and modulates several other cell signaling molecules. The anticancer potential of resveratrol is recognized in numerous in vivo and in vitro studies. Previous experimental data suggested that resveratrol may be valuable in cancer management or improve the efficacy of drugs when given with anticancer drugs. This review emphasizes the potential role of resveratrol as an anticancer drug by modulating numerous cells signaling pathways in different types of cancer.     

Pharmacological Inhibition of Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Breast Cancer Progression

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a gaseous signaling molecule, is associated with the development of various malignancies via modulating various cellular signaling cascades. Published research has established the fact that inhibition of endogenous H₂S production or exposure of H₂S donors is an effective approach against cancer progression. However, the effect of pharmacological inhibition of endogenous H₂S-producing enzymes (cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MPST)) on the growth of breast cancer (BC) remains unknown. In the present study, DL-propargylglycine (PAG, inhibitor of CSE), aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, inhibitor of CBS), and L-aspartic acid (L-Asp, inhibitor of 3-MPST) were used to determine the role of endogenous H₂S in the growth of BC by in vitro and in vivo experiments. An in silico study was also performed to confirm the results. Corresponding to each enzyme in separate groups, we treated BC cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) with 10 mM of PAG, AOAA, and L-Asp for 24 h. Findings reveal that the combined dose (PAG + AOAA + L-Asp) group showed exclusive inhibitory effects on BC cells’ viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion compared to the control group. Further, treated cells exhibited increased apoptosis and a reduced level of phospho (p)-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases such as p-AKT, p-PI3K, and p-mTOR. Moreover, the combined group exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the growth of BC xenograft tumors in nude mice, without obvious toxicity. The molecular docking results were consistent with the wet lab experiments and enhanced the reliability of the drugs. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the inhibition of endogenous H₂S production can significantly inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells via the AKT/PI3K/mTOR pathway and suggest that endogenous H₂S may act as a promising therapeutic target in human BC cells. Our study also empowers the rationale to design novel H₂S-based anti-tumor drugs to cure BC.     

七号信令系统第4级功能的实现

叙述了七号信令的第４级——电话用户部分（ＴＵＰ）功能，以及基于ＤＥＳ－３数字程控交换机配置的七号信令系统第４级功能的软件设计及实现，并在Ｈ省实现了ＤＥＳ－３数字程控交换机七号信令系统与Ｓ１２４０、Ｅ１０Ｂ七号信令系统的对接。运行结果表明，第４级ＴＵＰ功能运行稳定，故障率低，大话务呼叫呼损率小于４×１０－４，达到了设计要求。     

七号信令中负载分配方法分析研究

信令是以呼叫控制为主的网络协议．国际上最先进的七号信令正逐步取代我国沿用的中国一号信令．本文对七号信令的负荷分配方法进行性能分析研究．为基于七号信令的语音平台的设计及其它应用提供理论依据．     

七号信令集中监测系统在GSM中的应用

七号信令网是GSM移动通信网中的重要组成部分，其监测系统的结构采用分布式模块结构，将自底向上从采集数据到数据存盘，自顶向下从客户端提出请求到服务器发送响应消息。整个系统做到实时监测，历史性地分析了各信令铁路状态及其它事务处理，为移动通信信令网管理、业务质量监测、分析和维护提供了有效的依据。     

北京地铁五号线近接玉蜒桥施工的力学行为研究

以北京地铁五号线近接玉蜓桥施工为工程背景,运用三维有限元程序ANSYS对地铁区间隧道的开挖过程进行模拟,分析隧道开挖对玉蜓桥桥台及地面环境的影响,并将计算结果与实测结果进行对比分析.结果表明,按照设计要求施工,地铁五号线近接玉蜓桥施工时,对地面环境和桥台的影响均可控制在设计允许的范围之内,无需采取额外的预加固措施.     

列车运行仿真中的图形子系统

介绍列车运行仿真系统中的图形显示子系统,它由静态图形和动态图形两部分构成,静态图形显示铁路平面图,叠加在静态图形上的动态图形反映列车运行仿真的动态信息.我们设计了一个交互式图形环境,用户可以很方便地绘制出各铁路区段的平面图,动态图形上列车能够沿着不同轨道以任意速度运行.     

钩藤中钩藤碱对肿瘤坏死因子-α诱导人星型胶质细胞炎症模型作用机制研究

目的研究钩藤中钩藤碱对肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)诱导人星型胶质细胞(Human Astrocytes,HA)的炎症模型的作用机制.方法:体外培养HA,用TNF-α诱导HA造模,将细胞分为正常组、模型组、钩藤碱组、依达拉奉组.采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测钩藤碱对HA增殖能力的影响,用逆转录PCR法(RT-PCR)检测一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)mRNA、白细胞介素-23(interleukin-23,IL-23)mRNA、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)mRNA的表达,用分光光度法检测一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的表达,用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测p-mTOR,mTOR,p-Stat3和Stat3的蛋白表达.结果与正常组比较,32ng·mL-1的TNF-α对星形胶质细胞有明显抑制作用(P0.001);400μmol·L~(-1)的钩藤碱对星形胶质细胞活力有明显抑制作用(P0.001).与模型组相比,200μmol·L~(-1)的钩藤碱对模型细胞有明显的增殖作用(P0.01);钩藤碱组和依达拉奉组NOS mRNA,NO和SOD都显著上升(P0.001),IL-23mRNA,IL-6mRNA和MDA都显著下降(P0.001);钩藤碱组p-mTOR/mTOR和p-Stat3/Stat3都显著下降(P0.01).结论钩藤有效成分钩藤碱具有抑制TNF-α诱导HA炎症的损伤作用,可能是通过下调mTOR/STAT3信号通路增加氧化相关因子NOS,NO,SOD的表达,减少氧化相关因子MDA以及炎症相关因子IL-23和IL-6的表达.