Intertwining wavelets or multiresolution analysis on graphs through random forests

We propose a new method for performing multiscale analysis of functions defined on the vertices of a finite connected weighted graph. Our approach relies on a random spanning forest to downsample the set of vertices, and on approximate solutions of Markov intertwining relation to provide a subgraph structure and a filter bank leading to a wavelet basis of the set of functions. Our construction involves two parameters q and $q^{\prime }$. The first one controls the mean number of kept vertices in the downsampling, while the second one is a tuning parameter between space localization and frequency localization. We provide an explicit reconstruction formula, bounds on the reconstruction operator norm and on the error in the intertwining relation, and a Jackson-like inequality. These bounds lead to recommend a way to choose the parameters q and $q^{\prime }$. We illustrate the method by numerical experiments.     

Hexametaphosphate‐Capped Silica Mesoporous Nanoparticles Containing CuII Complexes for the Selective and Sensitive Optical Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide in Water

Cu^II‐macrocycle functionalized hexametaphosphate‐capped silica mesoporous nanoparticles have been prepared and used for the selective and sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide in aqueous environments. The possibility of using different metal complexes combined with different capping anions and choice of different dyes or other sensing molecules as indicators makes this new protocol highly appealing for the preparation of new sensing systems for sulfide detection in different environments.     

Single‐Atom Gold Catalysis in the Context of Developments in Parahydrogen‐Induced Polarization

A highly isolated monoatomic gold catalyst, with single gold atoms dispersed on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), has been synthesized, characterized, and tested in heterogeneous hydrogenation of 1,3‐butadiene and 1‐butyne with parahydrogen to maximize the polarization level and the contribution of the pairwise hydrogen addition route. The Au/MWCNTs catalyst was found to be active and efficient in pairwise hydrogen addition and the estimated contributions from the pairwise hydrogen addition route are at least an order of magnitude higher than those for supported metal nanoparticle catalysts. Therefore, the use of the highly isolated monoatomic catalysts is very promising for production of hyperpolarized fluids that can be used for the significant enhancement of NMR signals. A mechanism of 1,3‐butadiene hydrogenation with parahydrogen over the highly isolated monoatomic Au/MWCNTs catalyst is also proposed.     

De-noising of wayside acoustic signal from train bearings based on variable digital filtering

In the wayside Acoustic Defective Bearing Detector (ADBD) system, the recorded signal usually includes both the sound from train bearings and the other disturbance sources. The fact of heavy noise corruption and the Doppler Effect of multi-source acoustic signals would badly reduce the effectiveness of online defect detection of the ADBD system. In order to extract useful information from the multi-source signal with Doppler Effect, this paper proposes an effective de-noising method based on the variable digital filter (VDF) for the ADBD system. Specifically, the ridge extraction based on Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is applied to estimate the instantaneous frequencies (IFs), with which the fitting IF curves based on the Morse theory of theoretical acoustics could be achieved by using the nonlinear curve-fitting so that the parameters of the initial position of the acoustic sources could be calculated. By the aid of these parameters, the IFs according to the target train bearing could be then extracted. After that, the FIR variable digital filters could be designed with all the IFs which match the Morse theory with Doppler Shift so that the noise from the other parts could be effectively restrained after filtering the original signal. The effectiveness of this method is verified by means of a simulation with multi-frequency signals and applications to diagnosis of train roller bearing defects. Results indicate that the proposed method is effective.     

黏性颗粒失流态化过程的实验研究

采用低温黏结的聚乙烯颗粒,在二维半热态内循环流化床实验台上模拟黏性颗粒高温失流态化过程,并对失流态化过程进行了规律性总结,对其床压信号进行了时域分析与频域分析.实验结果表明:从颗粒正常流化到失流态化可分为熔融、分层、成核、成团和死床5个阶段.时域分析中,压力变化可反映出床内失流态化发生的大致时间,标准偏差的变化先于均值的变化;频域分析中,频谱图上主频的变化明显于均值的变化,为防止床内出现失流态化提供了可能;通过对比不同测点的频谱图,可反映出床内最早出现失流态化的位置.     

改进型DSC的并网锁相环直流偏移消除方法

针对在SRF-PLL的控制内环中使用延迟信号消除(DSC)算子，放缓了动态行为问题，提出了一种用于电网同步的三相PLL中的快速直流偏移抑制方法.通过使用改进型DSC运算器(MDSC)方法，改进了传统的基于DSC的PLL的动态性能.该方法能够有效地克服系统带宽给直流偏移消除带来的影响，并使系统响应速度得到提升.另外基于MDSC的PLL在相位跳变和频率阶跃变化的调整时间也很小.所提方法的有效性通过仿真实验结果得到证实.     

Modified Electrodes and Electrochemical Systems Switchable by Light Signals

This article is an overview of extensive research efforts in many laboratories in the last two decades in the area of light‐switchable electrochemical systems and modified electrodes. Electrochemical reactions, including electrocatalytic and bioelectrocatalytic processes, have been reversibly activated and inhibited upon irradiation with light at different wavelengths. In order to realize these light activated or inhibited processes, the electrodes or/and reacting molecules were functionalized with photoisomerizable molecules including various derivatives of diarylethene, phenoxynaphthacenequinone, azobenzene and spiropyran/merocyanine. Photochemical reactions of these species resulted in change of their redox activity, conformation and electrical charge. All these changes affected electrode surfaces or (bio)molecules resulting in switching ON‐OFF corresponding (bio)electrochemical processes. Various systems based on different light‐controlled reactions are reviewed and discussed with specific examples and with many illustrating figures. Possible extensions of the research area and future applications are briefly overviewed in the conclusion section. The present comprehensive review is addressed to a broad scientific community, including newcomers to the area.     

用V形阵列估计二维波达方向

提出了一种Ｖ形阵列,它可以分解为两个一致位移子阵列．由子阵列信息可以形成混合波达方向矩阵．在无需谱峰搜索的条件下,对混合方向矩阵进行特征分解,可以获得信号的混合方向矢量和方向元素．因此可以估计出信号的二维波达方向．本文方法不仅保持波达方向矩阵方法的优点,而且在一定程度上可以分辨来自于同一方位角或同一高低角的信号．     

景像区域误差模拟生成技术研究

在对原始图像用小面模型分割的基础上,通过分析图像信噪比与区域噪声各参数之间的约束关系,研究了景像区域误差的模拟生成技术．采用小面模型将图像划分为许多平稳均匀的子区域,并根据给定的信噪比,按照不同的实际需要,在某些子区域内分别叠加区域噪声．研究成果为评估匹配算法的性能提供了一定的依据     

采用折叠-展开技术的一种并行排序算法

给出ｎ×ｎ网孔环接式阵列处理机上的一种并行排序算法,它将ｎ×ｎ阵列上的数据折叠成ｎ×ｎ／ｋ子阵列,排序后再展开到整个ｎ×ｎ阵列上,实现ｎ×ｎ项数据的行主序排序,其平均时间复杂度为（２＋１／ｋ）ｎ＋ｏ（ｎ）．若采用ｎ×ｎ／ｋ阵列模型,且各处理器初始、结束状态允许有ｋ项数据时,该算法的平均时间复杂度只有（１＋２／ｋ）ｎ＋ｏ（ｎ）．