四极质谱仪微机控制和数据处理系统

本文在分析微机化四极质谱仪现状的基础上,以国产ZLS-150型四极质谱仪为原型,进行了四极质谱仪微机控制和数据处理系统的研制,提出了最小二乘质量标定方法。通过对质谱仪扫描规律的详细研究,探讨了新颖的定点扫描方式,较好地解决了监测过程中监测频率和监测组分数之间的矛盾。该系统经联机调试取得了满意效果。     

基于高频信号注入的永磁电机转子位置估计方法中的电压输入

运用高频信号注入法估计永磁同步电机转子位置要求给电机同时施加基本电压和高频电压. 本文讨论了通过采用PWM调节的逆变器同时注入这两种电压的可行性,并进行了仿真研究. 结果表明,只要选择合适的调制信号和载波比就能够实现电压的叠加输入. 同时,对逆变器的非线性行为所带来的影响也作了深入的探讨,证明其仅在电流流过零处对输出结果产生影响. 根据这一特点,提出了相对比较简单的补偿措施,仿真结果证明了这一措施的正确性.     

色心晶体微弱信号测试抗干扰技术的研究

色心晶体红外荧光信号在检测过程中,尤其检测其变化值会遇到一种十分微弱的光信号。为了将这种微弱光信号从各种干扰噪声中准确地检测记录下来,本文分析了各种干扰的起因,研究了相应的抗干扰技术,并在色心晶体荧光光谱仪组装过程中得到实际应用,提高了整机的信噪比,结果较为满意。     

隐马尔可夫模型在被动声信号分类中的应用

为了提高被动声目标识别率，该文研究了隐马尔可夫模型在被动声信号分类中的应用问题，然后，又提出了２种混合分类器：特征矢量混合的ＨＭＭ分类器和ＨＭＭ／ＭＬＰＮＮ（多层感知机神经网络）混合模型分类器。结果表明，这２种混合分类器在性能上都优于单个特定的分类器，它们在被动声信号分类中具有良好的应用前景。     

过程综合混合整数非线性规划的罚函数—凑整算法

针对过程系统最优综合的混合整数非线性规划（ＭＩＮＬＰ）模型，提出了一个整型变量松弛的新算法－罚函数－凑整算法，只需求解ＮＬＰ问题就可得到过程系统最优综合ＭＩＮＬＰ问题的解。典型算例表明，计算时间和算法的有效性都优于传统的ＭＩＮＬＰ分解算法。     

Nanotubes Made from Deeply Undercooled Cryolite/Alumina Melts

The rapid‐solidification processing (by a cooling rate of 10⁵–10⁶ K/s) was used for the preparation of deeply undercooled cryolite/alumina (Na₃AlF₆/Al₂O₃) melts. We found a mass of nanotubes on the surface of these undercooled melts. The nanotubes were preferentially located on the defect places of the surface with the following approximate dimensions: base≈100×100 nm, length≈1000 nm. The solidified samples with the nanotubes on the surface were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (IR).     

Supply chain optimization of petroleum organization under uncertainty in market demands and prices

A multi-period stochastic planning model has been developed and implemented for a supply chain network of a petroleum organization operating in an oil producing country under uncertain market conditions. The proposed supply chain network consists of all activities related to crude oil production, processing and distribution. Uncertainties were introduced in market demands and prices. A deterministic optimization model was first developed and tested. The impact of uncertainty on the supply chain was studied by performing a sensitivity analysis in which ±20% deviations were introduced in market demands and prices of different commodities. A stochastic formulation was then proposed, which is based on the two-stage problem with finite number of realizations. The proposed stochastic programming approach proved to be quite effective in developing resilient production plans in light of high degree of uncertainty in market conditions. The anticipated production plans have a considerably lower expected value of perfect information (EVPI). The main conclusion of this study is that for an oil producing country with oil processing capabilities, the impact of economic uncertainties may be tolerated by an appropriate balance between crude exports and processing capacities.     

Low-temperature, solution processing of TiO2 thin films and fabrication of multilayer dielectric optical elements

High-quality TiO₂ thin films have been deposited from aqueous titanium-peroxo solutions via spin coating. The effects of precursor solution pH on the crystallization behavior, morphology, density, and refractive index of the films are reported. From X-ray diffraction measurements, the amorphous as-deposited films are found to crystallize in the anatase phase at 250 °C. Surface and cross-section SEM images reveal that films deposited from an acidic precursor are more uniform and denser than those deposited from a basic precursor. X-ray reflectivity measurements show that films with smooth surfaces and high densities (up to 87% of single-crystal anatase) can be produced at temperatures as low as 300 °C. Measured densities are consistent with high refractive indices at 633 nm of 2.24 and 2.11 for films derived from acidic and basic precursors, respectively. The uniformity and dense nature of the films have allowed fabrication of multilayer dielectric optical elements with thermal processing at only 300 °C. The distributed Bragg reflector with four bilayers exhibits a reflectance of 92% and a stop band width of 150 nm. The optical microcavity has a quality factor of 20. The optical properties of all elements agree well with theoretical models, indicating good optical quality. Use of the precursor chemistry for direct photopatterning of TiO₂ films without a polymer resist is also demonstrated.