等效约束下风激励汽车前侧窗玻璃声辐射分析

为研究风激励下汽车侧窗玻璃表面湍流压力脉动激起玻璃振动而向车内辐射噪声的问题,以某试验车左前侧窗玻璃系统为研究对象,首先基于等效原理,将车窗密封条等效成系列弹簧约束,进行离散化建模,并搭建Matlab-Abaqus联合仿真优化平台,得到最佳等效弹簧刚度,建立侧窗系统约束边界等效模型.接着利用Corcos模型计算得到侧窗表面湍流压力脉动的功率谱密度,作为侧窗等效模型的激励,应用有限元方法计算车内驾驶员人耳处的声辐射.最后应用激光测振仪,获得侧窗表面振动速度分布试验数据,利用边界元方法(半仿真)计算车内声辐射.比较两种方法的计算结果,发现200Hz以上声辐射频谱特性吻合良好,证明了利用玻璃边界等效简化模型与Corcos模型作为激励源计算侧窗玻璃振动引起的声辐射有一定程度的适用性.     

犁式滑雪转弯膝关节软骨有限元分析

随机挑选200名实验对象,记录他们的基本信息、关节角度和滑行速度,对其中181个有效数据进行分析.根据1名志愿者的MR,CT数据建立了膝关节140°软骨与骨的三维模型.根据运动学分析结果和膝关节解剖学结构定义载荷及约束,在Abaqus 6.14中得出转弯膝软骨应力集中出现的位置.研究结果表明:体重过大、速度过快时应适当增大转弯半径以减少向心力对膝关节软骨施加的应力;犁式转弯的过弯速度应控制在3 m/s之内.     

Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of conjugated side chains polymers with different electron‐withdrawing and donating end groups

A series of novel low band gap polymers containing conjugated side chains with 4,7‐dithien‐5‐yl‐2,1,3‐benzodiathiazole and different electron‐withdrawing end groups of aldehyde ( PT‐DTBTCHO ), 2‐ethylhexyl cyanoacetate ( PT‐DTBTCN ), 1,3‐diethyl‐2‐thiobarbituric acid ( PT‐DTBTDT ), and electron‐donating end group of 2‐methylthiophene ( PT‐DTBTMT ) have been designed and synthesized. All polymers exhibit good solubility in common organic solvents, film‐forming ability, and thermal stability. These conjugated polymers show the broad ultraviolet‐visible absorption and the narrow optical band gaps in the range of 1.65–1.90 eV. Through changing the end group of conjugated side chains, the photophysical properties and energy levels of the polymers were tuned effectively. Bulk heterojunction solar cells based on the blend of these polymers and (6,6)‐phenyl‐C₆₁‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₁BM) reached the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.72%. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

绿色建筑发展关键主体动态博弈——基于供给侧结构性改革视角

 中国绿色建筑市场正处于稳步发展阶段，但仍然存在供需结构不合理、各方利益关系协调不均衡等问题。基于供给侧结构性改革视角，分析了绿色建筑发展过程中“供应侧”和“需求侧”两端正外部经济性特征，构建了政府与供、需两端关键主体动态博弈模型，提出了基于政府、房地产开发商和消费者的对策建议。通过研究，表明绿色建筑发展前期阶段存在正外部经济效应和市场失灵共生现象，供、需两端并不能满足帕累托效率的平衡量要求，只通过市场自身资源配置功能调节绿色建筑市场结构和各主体利益关系存在局限性，政府的适度干预有利于实现供、需两端最优利益组合和利益均衡，有助于加快实现传统建筑市场转型升级。     

Photooptical Properties of Polymethacrylates Having Cyanoazobenzene‐Containing Side Groups with Lateral Methyl Substituents and Different Spacer Length

New photochromic polymethacrylates with different spacer length having azobenzene side groups and lateral methyl substituents were synthesized. The phase behavior of polymethacrylates and their photooptical properties were studied and compared with unsubstituted analogues. It is shown that an introduction of lateral methyl substituents results in almost complete suppression of liquid crystalline (LC) phase formation and strong decrease of photoinduced dichroism values. It is found that rates of the photoinduced E‐Z isomerization and back thermal Z‐E isomerization are almost independent on spacer lengths. Due to the presence of lateral substituents, the photoinduced azobenzene Z‐form shows remarkable long lifetime, and back thermal conversion at room temperature takes more than 10 days. Specific peculiarities of the photoorientation process in polymer films under the polarized UV and visible light action were studied and their mechanism is suggested. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 1337–1342     

Criss‐cross amphiphilic polymers and analogous model systems

A new class of amphiphilic polymers carrying two pendant docosyl (C22) chains, located at periodic intervals that are separated by PEG chains of varying lengths, was synthesized via a simple melt‐transesterification polymerization, using dimethyl, 2,5‐didocosyloxyterephthalate as one of the monomers. DSC, variable temperature FT‐IR, and WAXS studies demonstrated that immiscibility between the pendant docosyl units and the backbone PEG segments drives their self‐segregation; this results in the crystallization of the pendant docosyl segments and the generation of a lamellar morphology with the alkyl segments and the PEG chains occupying alternate layers. Based on the study of model criss‐cross amphiphiles that resemble the polymer repeat unit, it is postulated that the chains reconfigure such that both the docosyl chains fold to one side of the terephthalate unit while the PEG segments form a loop on the other side; these chains then organize in a bilayer to form the lamellar structure. The simplicity of the synthesis and the rather unique properties of these polymers suggests that such a design could be translated to develop other interesting functional materials that could exploit the immiscibility‐driven microphase separation for the generation of sub‐10 nm domains; these could have potential applications, such as in membranes, solid polymer electrolyte formulations, and so forth. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 1554–1563     

与 Cauchy 微分中值定理相关的几个问题

根据Cauchy微分中值定理表达式的结构引入辅助函数 F（x ，c）＝ f （x）- f （c）g（x）- g（c）（a＜ c＜ b），通过讨论其可导性，得到相关的几个不等式，由此得出Cauchy微分中值定理存在唯一“中值点”的一个条件，并给出其逆定理的一个较弱表述。     

Successive stepwise evolution of host layer‐stacking framework upon the intercalation of mobile vapor guests within side‐chain layers

For the ordered phases of hairy‐rod semiconductive poly(2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophene‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) (PBTTT) sandwiched in between crystalline platelets of hexamethylbenzene, the successive stepwise evolution of layer‐stacking framework upon guest intercalation has been studied in this research. The direct consequence of the guest intercalation into side‐chain layers is evaluated to cause the lateral shift of thiophene backbones along π–π stacking, resulting in stepwise shift of ultraviolet absorption wavelength. The thermal motions of vapor guests within disordering side‐chain layers subsequently cause progressive expansion of host stacking framework. With the increase in side‐chain length, thicker layers of disordering side chains in liquid crystals (LCs) accommodate additional vapor guests and larger amplitudes of thermal motions of guests, hence promoting the level of reversible d‐spacing change. The mixing between mobile vapor guests and aliphatic side chains is clarified as the mechanism of guest intercalation, which rationalizes successive guest intercalation during heating and the contribution of disordering side‐chain layers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017 , 55, 1448–1456     

The side chain effects on TPD-based copolymers: the linear chain leads to a higher jsc

Abstract

Alkyl substituents appended to polymers play the determining role on self-assembly and film-forming properties, and on device performance. In this work, we highlight the effects of the linear and branched flexible chains appended to the acceptor moiety (A) in D-A type copolymers. Two thieno[3,4-c]-pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) based copolymers PT1 and PT2 with different alkyl chains, were designed and synthesized. By comparison their UV-vis absorptions, HOMO/LUMO energy levels, as well as the characters in polymer solar cells, the influences of alkyl chains were investigated. Both copolymers showed molecular weights of 21?kDa and similar optical properties with a medium band gap of 1.93?eV, while PT2 with the branched chain exhibited a lower HOMO than that of PT1 (?5.43 vs???5.37?eV). In bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, PT1 with a linear chain presented a short circuit current (J_sc) of 6.76?mA cm^?2, open circuit voltage (V_oc) of 0.89?V and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.92%. To the contrary, PT2 showed a J_sc of 3.53?mA cm^?2, V_oc of 0.99?V, delivering a relatively lower PCE of 2.05%. The result indicates that appending a linear alkyl chain to the TPD unit could sufficient enhance the J_sc value of the related polymer.     

Polyurethane Ionomers from Cycloaliphatic Diisocyanate and Polytetramethylene Glycol

Abstract

Segmented polyurethane (PU) ionomers were prepared from cycloaliphatic diisocyanate [methylene bis(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H₁₂MDI) and isophoron diisocyanate (IPDI)] and polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG) by using an anionic-type chain extender, viz., dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA). The effect of ionic content and butanediol (BD) on the state of dispersion and physical properties of emulsion-cast film was determined using Autosizer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Instron, and Rheovibron. With increased incorporations of DMPA in PU, particle size of emulsion decreased asymptotically, tensile modulus and strength increased, and the glass transition temperature (T _g) moved toward the higher temperature. On the other hand, with increased incorporation of BD in PU, particle size of emulsion, tensile modulus, and strength of the emulsion cast film increased, and the major transition of soft segment moved toward higher temperature. With regard to the structural effect of the isocyanate, H₁₂MDI gave finer dispersion and better mechanical properties over IPDI.