第15届亚洲杯足球赛进球特征分析

通过对第15届亚洲杯足球赛复赛阶段16支队伍的32场比赛共87个进球特征进行分析,分析结果表明:本届杯赛进球数略高于上届;A区是进球的最佳区域;上半场前15min和下半场前15min以及后15min是进球最多的时间段;4次或4次以下的传球配合进球最多;中路进攻是本届杯赛的主要进攻途径;传球配合和定位球是本届杯赛中运用最多的技术;直接射门本届杯赛的主要射门方式,其中抢点射占有很大的比例。中国队在比赛中表现欠佳,与亚洲其他强队存在差距,特别是前四强,需要加大训练力度和目的性。     

Two Dimensions Residual Stresses Analysis Through Incremental Groove Machining Combined with Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry

In this study a new residual stress determination method in two directions simultaneously is presented. This method is based on stresses relaxation in a groove that is machined incrementally. The residual stresses relaxation occurs simultaneously from both the depth and the length of the groove. Thus, measuring the surface strain field generated by the relaxation enables to determine the stress gradient both along the depth and the length of the groove. To measure the surface strain in a direction perpendicular to the groove, a digital speckle pattern interferometer is used. This method is suitable when the residual stress field in the structure varies in the depth as well as along the surface of the part, like for example in a welded structure. The method is tested here on an aluminium plate in which a central band has been shot peened.     

Use of the hole-drilling method for measuring residual stresses in highly stressed shot-peened surfaces

The same shot-peening treatment was applied to five steels with different mechanical properties. The induced residual stress profiles were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and incremental hole drilling (IHD). The results of both techniques showed that IHD can still be successfully used for measuring shot-peening residual stresses, even if these exceed the yield strength of the bulk material. Expected errors due to the plasticity effect are reduced by the strain hardening of the surface. For an assessment of the reliability of IHD data, strain-hardening variation was quantified by microhardness measurements to estimate the yield strength of the plastified layer. All the main calculation methods for IHD were applied. The results were compared and discussed with respect to the characteristics of each method.     

第12届欧洲足球锦标赛进球特征分析

运用文献资料法、观察法、数理统计法等研究方法,以第12届欧洲足球锦标赛的31场比赛为研究对象,对所有比赛中射门和进球的情况进行统计.通过对射门的效率、进球区域、进球方式、进球时间和进球队员位置进行分析,来探寻欧洲足球的进球规律,为我国足球教练员在以后的训练中提供理论依据.结果发现:中路2区是射门得分的最佳区域,传切配合是得分的主要手段.远射是破门的有效手段.头球破门、左右脚得分和定位球得分的能力很重要.教练员的换人对比赛有一定的影响.     

Majorana零模式的电导与低压振荡散粒噪声

Majorana零能量模式是自身的反粒子,在拓扑量子计算中有重要应用.本文研究量子点与拓扑超导纳米线混合结构,通过量子点的输运电荷检测Majorana零模式.利用量子主方程方法,发现有无Majorana零模式的电流与散粒噪声存在明显差别.零模式导致稳态电流差呈反对称,在零偏压处显示反常电导峰.电流差随零模式分裂能的增大而减小,随量子点与零模式耦合的增强而增大.另一方面,零模式导致低压散粒噪声相干振荡,零频噪声显著增强.分裂能导致相干振荡愈加明显且零频噪声减小,而量子点与零模式的耦合使零频噪声增强.当量子点与电极非对称耦合时,零模式使电子由反聚束到聚束输运,亚泊松噪声增强为超泊松噪声.稳态电流差结合低压振荡的散粒噪声能够揭示Majorana零模式是否存在.     

激光诱导残余应力的试验

对激光诱导残余应力的机理进行了分析研究.用波长1.06μm、脉宽23 ns、功率密度108~109W/cm2的脉冲激光冲击外形尺寸为30 mm×30 mm×5.5 mm的LY12CZ试样,研究了激光能量密度和冲击次数对残余应力分布的影响,并将激光诱导的残余应力与传统的机械喷丸形成的残余应力进行比较.结果表明:残余压应力随着激光能量密度的加大而加大,残余压应力层的深度随着冲击次数的增加而增加,激光诱导的残余压应力层的深度是传统机械喷丸形成的3~4倍.     

铁磁-绝缘层-铁磁-d波超导结中的量子干涉效应对微分电导与散粒噪声的影响

通过求解BogoliubovedeGennes(BdG)方程,利用推广的BlonderTinkhamKlapwijk(BTK)理论,计算铁磁绝缘层铁磁d波超导结中的微分电导、平均电流和散粒噪声功率.研究表明,系统的微分电导和散粒噪声与平均电流的比值都随中间铁磁层厚度作周期性振荡,振荡的幅度随绝缘层势垒增高而变大,随铁磁层中磁交换劈裂的增强而变小. 关键词： 微分电导 散粒噪声 磁交换劈裂     

阵列式压电振子超声复合喷丸强化*

为了进一步改善超声喷丸强化质量,提升工件表面残余应力和显微硬度的均匀性,对压电振子阵列型超声喷丸强化加工系统进行了改进,提出了在强化加工过程中辅助工件往复运动的方法。对改进后的压电振子阵列型超声喷丸强化加工原理进行了阐述,分析了激振片的振动特性并进行了结构尺寸优化,应用Abaqus对工件往复运动下超声喷丸强化过程进行了仿真研究,分析了在不同的工件往复运动频率下,工件表面残余应力分布情况。实验测试了在不同喷丸强化时间及工件往复运动频率下超声喷丸强化加工质量,探究了喷丸时间和工件往复运动频率对工件表面显微硬度的影响。结果表明：在压电振子阵列型超声喷丸强化过程中辅助工件往返运动,可以有效提高工件表面残余应力和显微硬度分布的均匀性,工件表面强化质量得到提升。     

Effect of shot peening on hydrogen embrittlement of high strength steel

The effect of shot peening (SP) on hydrogen embrittlement of high strength steel was investigated by electrochemical hydrogen charging, slow strain rate tensile tests, and hydrogen permeation tests. Microstructure observation, microhardness, and X-ray diffraction residual stress studies were also conducted on the steel. The results show that the shot peening specimens exhibit a higher resistance to hydrogen embrittlement in comparison with the no shot peening (NSP) specimens under the same hydrogen-charging current density. In addition, SP treatment sharply decreases the apparent hydrogen diffusivity and increases the subsurface hydrogen concentration. These findings are attributed to the changes in microstructure and compressive residual stress in the surface layer by SP. Scanning electron microscope fractographs reveal that the fracture surface of the NSP specimen exhibits the intergranular and quasi-cleavage mixed fracture modes, whereas the SP specimen shows only the quasi-cleavage fractures under the same hydrogen charging conditions, implying that the SP treatment delays the onset of intergranular fracture.     

一种利用激波进行落点测量的新方法

目前用于确定弹刃或导弹落点的声测方法多数是基于这样一个假定：其所发出的声波是一个平面波。但当其下落速度大于声速时,这个假定就不成立了,这时产生了一个锥面激波＾（４）,本文介绍了一种利用正方形基阵对其进行测量的方法。