二维无碰撞离子引出过程的数值模拟

利用流体理论电子平衡模型，对二维不考虑带电粒子碰撞的激光分离同位素（ＡＶＬＩＳ）离子引出过程进行了数值模拟，包括对不同收集方式进行了模拟和对比，研究了离子引出过程中的物理机理及物理量的空间分布特点，表明等离子体电位略高于阳极电位，并在离子引出过程中基本保持不变；电子温度越高等离子体电位越高，离子引出时间越短；对称收集方式的离子引出时间短且离子逃逸量也少。     

Enabling High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries by Manipulating Solvation Structure in Ester Electrolyte

Lithium metal is an ideal electrode material for future rechargeable lithium metal batteries. However, the widespread deployment of metallic lithium anode is significantly hindered by its dendritic growth and low Coulombic efficiency, especially in ester solvents. Herein, by rationally manipulating the electrolyte solvation structure with a high donor number solvent, enhancement of the solubility of lithium nitrate in an ester‐based electrolyte is successfully demonstrated, which enables high‐voltage lithium metal batteries. Remarkably, the electrolyte with a high concentration of LiNO₃ additive presents an excellent Coulombic efficiency up to 98.8 % during stable galvanostatic lithium plating/stripping cycles. A full‐cell lithium metal battery with a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode exhibits a stable cycling performance showing limited capacity decay. This approach provides an effective electrolyte manipulation strategy to develop high‐voltage lithium metal batteries.     

Phase morphology and mechanical properties of the electrospun polyoxymethylene/polyurethane blend fiber mats

Polyoxymethylene/thermoplastic polyurethane (POM/TPU) blends containing 10–30 wt % of TPU were electrospun using hexafluoroisopropanol as the solvent. The average fiber diameter increases with the increase in TPU content from 0.68 μm for neat POM fibers to 0.92 μm for POM/TPU 7:3 blend fibers due to the increase in solution viscosity. Core/sheath structure with the major component POM as the core and the minor component TPU as the sheath was observed by transmission electron microscopy and further confirmed by surface N contents of the blend fiber mats. The crystalline melting point and the degree of crystallinity of POM have no obvious change by coelectrospinning with TPU due to lack of interaction between POM and TPU as revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Tensile tests showed that the unusual high ductility of POM fiber mat could be further increased by coelectrospinning with 10 or 20 wt % TPU without significantly decreasing the stiffness and strength. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1853–1859, 2009     

圆柱形反应器鞘区离子平均动能的径向分布

针对鞘层结构,建立了鞘层模型和离子速度分布函数,导出了离子平均动能的积分表达式并得出数值积分的结果.用级数的两项拟合平均动能积分表达式的对数项,积分得到解析结果和简化结果.应用积分表达式、解析式及简化式进行计算,得出了圆柱形鞘层内不同位置(半径)处的粒子平均动能.结果表明鞘层越厚、粒子平均自由路程越小,则它们的差别越小.它们可有效地应用于散布在反应室各处粉体的刻蚀和纯化.     

一个水稻抗纹枯病突变体的遗传分析及其基因的初步定位

高水平抗纹枯病突变体和高感纹枯病品种蜀恢881杂交构建分离群体,经F2分离世代的遗传分析,抗、感单株比例符合3 1(χc2=0.563,χ12,0.05=3.84),初步确定该突变体对纹枯病的抗性由一对显性主效基因所控制,命名为Rsb-2(t)。利用已合成的530对微卫星引物,对抗纹枯病突变体和蜀恢881进行多态性引物筛选,用多态性引物对上述F2分离群体的全部感病单株和部分抗病单株的DNA进行PCR分析,借助MAPERMAKER/EXP3.0软件,对其微卫星标记实验数据进行连锁分析,将Rsb-2(t)定位于第3染色体的p臂,发现RM218、RM251、RM4321和RM5748与Rsb-2(t)连锁,它们均位于着丝粒端,连锁距离分别为32.1 cM,41.1 cM,42.4 cM和49.7 cM。研究结果为进一步对该基因的精细定位奠定了基础。     

聚丙烯腈热氧稳定化纤维鞘芯结构的控制

本文采用考特尔—3K原丝,在烘箱中模拟连续预氧化过程,研究了氧化温度和时间对纤维鞘芯结构的影响。实验结果表明,仅当四段实施的氧化温度分别都低于每段进口丝的初始放热温度(DSC结果,5℃/min)时,才可获得无芯的稳定化纤维。     

Operational theory and instrumental implementation of the thermal gradient programmed gas chromatography (TGPGC) mode of analysis

Thermal gradient programmed gas chromatography (TGPGC) separations involve the application of three-dimensional thermal field programming. The operational aspects associated with TGPGC are such that rapid GC analyses can be achieved for complex and broad-volatility-range samples using open tubular columns with high thermal compliance, physical compactness, and geometric conformity. Elapsed times for TGPGC analyses of complex samples have ranged from 50 to 300 s. The application of rapidly changing thermal fields (or temperature surfaces) in TGPGC is accomplished through the use of a column sheath assembly. Recent research has centered upon different column sheath assembly designs and instrumental implementation of the TGPGC mode of operation. The instrumental implementation of the TGPGC mode for conducting GC and GC-MS analyses places special demands upon the design and performance of numerous operational aspects of the system, e.g., the response-time characteristics associated with analyte detection and the analytical output signal handling capabilities.     

Fast CEC-MS using poly(dimethylsiloxane) microinjector, short packed column, and low-sheath-flow interface

A fast CEC-MS approach based on a microinjector and a short CEC column was developed. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) was used as the substrate for microinjector fabrication. A short capillary column (～5 cm) packed with 5 μm octadecyl silica particles was inserted into the microinjector. The microinjector CEC device was interfaced to ESI-MS using a low-flow sheath liquid interface. The device delivers the advantages of sample introduction, pre-concentration, elution, and fast analysis as in chip-CEC yet avoids the difficulty of packing stationary material into the chip. The online pre-concentration and CEC-MS analysis capabilities of this device were demonstrated by analysis of a six-triazine mixture. A signal enhancement of 20-99-fold was achieved with a sample loading time of 180 s.     

基于拉伸胶结强度的水泥环一界面完整性评价

油气井工作液密度降低或油气开采必将导致井筒内压降低,使水泥环一界面受到拉伸作用,造成水泥环与套管发生剥离,从而产生微环隙。过去由于没有拉伸胶结强度测量装置和方法,在进行水泥环封隔完整性研究和设计时,均采用水泥环一界面的剪切胶结强度或者水力胶结强度,导致在水泥浆体系优选和封隔完整性设计时存在不足。为此,根据水泥环工作时的受力过程,研制了水泥环一界面拉伸胶结强度测试装置并提出了相应的测量方法,基于该装置进行了水泥浆体系优选及一界面封隔完整性评价。通过对比水泥环一界面拉伸胶结强度和剪切胶结强度,发现前者约是后者的0.37～0.45,采用剪切胶结强度进行水泥浆体系优选或封隔完整性评价可能导致水泥环一界面封隔失效。实验发现,在高压养护条件下胶乳水泥浆体系一界面拉伸胶结强度大于膨胀增韧水泥浆体系和自愈合水泥浆体系一界面拉伸胶结强度。将水泥环一界面拉伸胶结强度作为油气井固井水泥浆实验设计、评价水泥环封隔完整性的重要依据之一,更能保证油气井安全生产运行。     

二次电子发射和负离子存在时的鞘层结构特性

建立了包括电子、离子、器壁发射二次电子以及负离子多种成分的等离子体无碰撞鞘层的基本模型,讨论了二次电子发射和负离子对1维稳态等离子体鞘层结构的影响,并且分析了多种成分等离子体鞘层内的二次电子和负离子的相互作用。结果表明：二次电子发射系数的增加和负离子含量的增加,都将导致鞘层的厚度有所减小;二次电子发射系数超过临界发射系数之后,鞘层不再是离子鞘。随着器壁材料二次电子发射系数的增加,鞘层中的负离子密度分布也逐渐增加;负离子的增加,导致二次电子临界发射系数有所增加。另外,在等离子体鞘层中二次电子发射和负离子的存在,也影响着鞘层中电子的放电特性与器壁材料的腐蚀。