聚吡咯/铁酸镍纳米复合材料制备和应用研究

以FeCl_3为氧化剂和掺杂剂经原位氧化聚合制备了聚吡咯/铁酸镍纳米复合材料,用以吸附处理废液中高浓度的铬(Ⅵ)。分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对产物的结构、形貌与磁性能进行了表征。结果表明,复合吸附材料由20~30nm大小的NiFe_2O_4多晶球簇内核及外层聚吡咯包覆而成,其饱和磁化强度为7.89emu/g。对含铬(Ⅵ)污水吸附研究表明,该吸附剂在60min内即可达到吸附平衡,吸附效果优异,同时考察了NiFe_2O_4掺杂比例、吸附时间、pH、铬(Ⅵ)初始浓度对吸附效果的影响。在pH=5的条件下,聚吡咯/铁酸镍复合材料在30min内对铬(Ⅵ)的最大吸附量为49.81mg/g。     

Energy Properties and Biomass Yield of Miscanthus x Giganteus Fertilized by Municipal Sewage Sludge

The application of municipal sewage sludge as fertilizer in the production of non-food energy crops is an environmentally and economically sustainable approach to sewage sludge management. In addition, the application of municipal sewage sludge to energy crops such as Miscanthus x giganteus is an alternative form of recycling nutrients and organic material from waste. Municipal sewage sludge is a potential source of heavy metals in the soil, some of which can be removed by growing energy crops that are also remediation agents. Therefore, the objective of the research was to investigate the effect of municipal sewage sludge applied at three different rates of 1.66, 3.22 and 6.44 t/ha on the production of Miscanthus. Based on the analyses conducted on the biomass of Miscanthus fertilized with sludge from the wastewater treatment plant in three fertilization treatments, it can be concluded that the biomass of Miscanthus is a good feedstock for the process of direct combustion. Moreover, the application of the largest amount of municipal sewage sludge during cultivation had no negative effect on the properties of Miscanthus biomass. Moreover, the cellulose and hemicellulose content of Miscanthus is ideal for the production of second-generation liquid biofuels. Fertilizer treatments had no effect on the content of cellulose and lignin, while a significant statistical difference was found for hemicellulose.     

微波消解-ICP-MS测定电镀污泥中的重金属

采用微波消解系统对某电镀污泥进行消解,利用ICP-MS对污泥中的重金属进行测定。称取制备后样品,置于消解罐中充分反应后,赶酸、定容后利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行测定。电镀污泥中的铬为18845.2mg/kg、镉为10.3mg/kg、镍为5200.0mg/kg、铅为189.7mg/kg、铜为3271.7mg/kg、锌为49632.6mg/kg。测定结果表明所检测项目工作曲线线性关系好,相关系数r均大于0.999。铬加标回收率在91.6～97.7%之间、镉加标回收率在92.0～97.0%之间、镍加标回收率在95.1～98.0%之间、铅加标回收率在94.3～95.2%之间、铜加标回收率在97.1～102%之间、锌加标回收率在96.3～98.7%之间,均满足相关测定要求。计算的潜在生态危害系数、潜在生态危害指数结果表明,电镀污泥中的铬、镉、铅、铜、锌为轻微生态危害,镍为强生态危害;潜在生态危害指数RI计算值为216.69,属于中等生态危害。     

Application of the Hall™ electrolytic conductivity detector for the analysis of chloroanilines and chloronitroanilines in POTW sludges

Simultaneous detection with a 700-A Hall? and an NPD detector is an effective technique for characterizing chloro-and chloronitroanilines in highly complex Publicly Owned Water Treatment Works (POTW) sludges. The utilization of a modified Varian effluent splitter and a SE-54 fused silica capillary column permitted the detection of mid-picogram quantities of the polar chloroanilines without sacrificing peak shape. The response of the Hall? detector in the halogen mode was roughly proportional to the number of chlorine atoms present, while the response of the Hall? in the nitrogen mode and the NPD was less predictably influenced by the presence of one or more nitro groups. When combined with retention time data, the ratio of the NPD response to the Hall? response has been found to substantiate the presence of chloro- and chloronitroanilines in sludge extracts.     

钢渣与污泥协同资源化研究进展

钢渣和污泥作为传统大宗固体废弃物,始终面临处理成本高、回收利用率低等问题,但其内部含有大量可利用物质,具有较高的资源化利用价值,现已成为国内外的研究热点。为了提高钢渣与污泥绿色、高效、协同资源化利用,综述了近年来国内外钢渣在建筑、道路、水处理、农业等领域资源化利用的研究进展,立足固废无害化、减量化,从钢渣和污泥的资源化进行分析与总结,指出不同研究方法的特点和优劣,为固废资源化利用提供参考。并基于我国发展现状对钢渣与污泥资源化利用的未来发展方向进行了展望,以期为固废处理行业的良性发展提供一定的理论支撑。     

不锈钢酸洗污泥-黏土基陶粒的制备及性能研究

利用热力学软件FactSage中Equilib模块计算不锈钢酸洗污泥掺量的增加对制备陶粒结晶相的影响,得到合适的污泥烧制陶粒的掺量配比,即m(污泥)∶m(黏土)=20∶80;通过陶粒烧制试验,对该配比烧制的陶粒颗粒进行密度与抗压性能测试,得1100℃时烧制陶粒颗粒膨胀性较好,颗粒内部孔洞较为均匀,抗压强度平均为810N;陶粒对重金属Cr、Ni浸出结果显示,浸出液中Cr、Ni元素远小于国标中的限定量,表明陶粒对这两种元素的固化效果较好。     

活性污泥法处理城市污水中鼓风和纯氧两种曝气方法的比较

对活性污泥法处理城市污水中鼓风曝气和纯氧（或富氧）曝气这两种方法，从曝气设备结构、特点、工艺技术指标、运行管理及经济性等方面进行了分析和比较。     

A review on pharmaceuticals removal from waters by single and combined biological,membrane filtration and ultrasound systems

Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) such as pharmaceuticals commonly found in urban and industrial wastewater are a potential threat to human health and have negative environmental impact. Most wastewater treatment plants cannot efficiently remove these compounds and therefore, many pharmaceuticals end up in aquatic ecosystems, inducing problems such as toxicity and antibiotic-resistance. This review reports the extent of pharmaceutical removal by individual processes such as bioreactors, advanced oxidation processes and membrane filtration systems, all of which are not 100% efficient and can lead to the direct discharge of pharmaceuticals into water bodies. Also, the importance of understanding biotransformation of pharmaceutical compounds during biological and ultrasound treatment, and its impact on treatment efficacy will be reviewed. Different combinations of the processes above, either as an integrated configuration or in series, will be discussed in terms of their degradation efficiency and scale-up capabilities. The trace quantities of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater and scale-up issues of ultrasound highlight the importance of membrane filtration as a concentration and volume reduction treatment step for wastewater, which could subsequently be treated by ultrasound.     

分析北京城市污泥中铅砷镉形态浓度的ICP-MS

城市污泥中重金属的难降解和高毒性限制了污泥的资源化利用.以北京G和Q污水处理厂的压滤出厂污泥为实验材料,采用BCR三步浸提法对污泥中铅砷镉Pb,As,Cd的三种形态进行提取,以HNO3-HClO4进行全量消解,利用ICP-MS检测Pb,As,Cd的全量和各形态的含量,从而为北京城市污泥的资源开发研究提供基础数据.实验结果表明,北京城市污泥中Pb和Cd含量比上世纪末明显降低:其中,G污泥中Pb,As,Cd的全量(干重)分别为19.60,37.96和1.34 mg·kg-1,而Q污泥中分别为19.58,23.46和2.30 mg·kg-1;两种污泥中Pb含量相差甚微,G污泥中As明显高于Q污泥,而Cd则显著低于后者;两种污泥中相应金属的三种形态的变化趋势基本一致:Pb与As以HAc酸溶态为主,H2O2可氧化态最少;而Cd主要以NH2OH-HCl可还原态存在,HAc酸溶态最少.三种重金属中生物毒性大的形态均占70%以上.     

Continuous catalytic pyrolysis of oily sludge using U-shape reactor for producing saturates-enriched light oil

Continuous catalytic pyrolysis of oily sludge was carried out in a special U-shape reactor for producing saturates-enriched light oil. The sludge underwent thermal pyrolysis first and then catalytic pyrolysis. During the thermal pyrolysis, chain hydrocarbons were first cracked and further polymerized into aromatics. The effect of temperatures (400–800 °C) on the products was investigated and the maximum liquid yield (67.7%) was obtained at 500 °C. High temperature promoted polymerization, thus the distribution of aromatics in the liquid product was increased and was more concentrated in polyaromatics at 800 °C. In the catalytic upgrading stage, dolomite was used as catalyst and aromatics were adsorbed on it, either aggregated or decomposed. As a result, a light oil product with 57.0% saturates was obtained at the residence time of 8.9?s due to the conversion of aromatics and heavy hydrocarbons into light aliphatic hydrocarbons such as straight chain hydrocarbons. Compared with the oil phase in the raw sludge sample, the content of saturates was increased by 45.0% and that of the asphaltenes was reduced by 88.5%. Meanwhile, the inherent moisture in the oily sludge could participate in the steam reforming reaction, promoting the decomposition of aromatics and leading to an increase in the H₂ generation. Moreover, the release of H₂S was reduced from 0.132 to 0.005?mol per kg sludge and the sulfur content of the oil product was also decreased in the presence of dolomite. The deactivation of dolomite can be attributed to the carbonization of CaO and deposition of polyaromatic coke on the catalyst surface.