阳离子聚合物处理油田采油污水研究

为了使油田含油污水处理后能达到回用标准,通过阳离子聚合物与聚合铝复配对油田采油污水处理进行了研究.结果表明聚合物分子量为120万,加入浓度为0.5~1.0mg/L时,与聚合铝复配后,对采油污水中的悬浮物、含油量及CODcr的去除率分别达到99.7%,97.7%及92.0%,并使处理后水中悬浮物及含油量分别降低到1.2mg/L及5.0mg/L,达到了油田回用水水质标准.复配体系对含油污水的处理效果受污水pH值及温度的影响,但影响比单独使用聚合铝时小.     

含聚污水对回注储层的适应性研究——以海上某油田含聚污水回注为例

随着含聚污水的采出量逐年增加,含聚污水的处理问题已成为当前聚驱油田的首要问题。采用静态和动态方法研究了含聚污水与回注储层的适应性,利用某油田的储层砂填砂管模拟岩心和处理后的含聚污水、清水做了岩心驱替实验,在室内筛选了单一水质指标和综合水质指标,对含聚污水回注对储层造成的损害程度做了定量的评价。结果表明,该油田以馆陶组地层水作为清水水源时,清水与含聚污水在目前混合比例下的配伍性较好;并优化了含聚污水回注储层的水质指标,为确定含聚污水回注储层的可行性提供依据。     

流体力化学-二次流原理在污泥颗粒化中的研究前景

颗粒污泥形成受多种因素的影响,通过在流体中添加适量剂量的絮凝剂,利用流体力化学-二次流原理,施加合适的流体剪切力,形成合理的二次流场,可以在很短的时间内形成原始颗粒污泥．利用污泥内部和水中的微生物,通过好气或厌气培养,能加快（好氧或厌氧）颗粒污泥的形成,是加快颗粒污泥培养的有效途径,在污水处理生产应用中具有广阔的前景．     

金华市城市污水处理厂污泥成分及农用价值分析

为确定金华市城市污水处理厂污泥资源化利用途径,对金华市某污水处理厂的脱水污泥进行了采样和成分分析.结果表明,所有污泥为中性,pH 6.89,含水率较高75%;污泥中有机质、氮、磷、钾含量丰富;污泥中重金属的含量较低,均符合国家农用污泥中污染物控制标准.以此为基础对污泥的农用价值及其应用前景作了分析和展望.     

污泥基吸附剂对亚甲基蓝和环丙沙星的吸附性能研究

亚甲基蓝和环丙沙星是水体中2种污染物, 对生态环境有潜在危害. 本文以市政剩余活性污泥为原料, 氯化锌为活化剂热解制备污泥基吸附剂, 研究盐酸酸洗浓度、氯化锌浓度、热解温度、热解时间等对污泥基吸附剂吸附水中亚甲基蓝和环丙沙星性能的影响. 结果表明 (1)污泥基吸附剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能随盐酸酸洗浓度的增大而增加, 对环丙沙星的吸附性能则随盐酸酸洗浓度的增大呈先降后增趋势, 两者均在1.500mol·L-1盐酸浓度下取得最优值. (2)污泥基吸附剂对亚甲基蓝和环丙沙星的吸附性能随氯化锌浓度和热解温度的增加呈先升后降趋势, 在氯化锌浓度为4.0mol·L-1、热解温度为500℃时有最优值; 随着热解时间的延长, 污泥基吸附剂对亚甲基蓝和环丙沙星的吸附性能分别在500℃热解70min和80min时有最优值. (3)污泥基吸附剂的最佳制备条件为 氯化锌4.0mol·L-1活化2h、500℃热解70min和80min、1.500mol·L-1盐酸酸洗; 以此制得的污泥基吸附剂对亚甲基蓝和环丙沙星的去除率分别为97.7%和96.4%, 平衡吸附量分别为97.9mg·g-1和3.9mg·g-1, 且污泥基吸附剂对亚甲基蓝和环丙沙星的吸附过程均符合准二级动力学方程.     

改性化工污泥与煤的成浆性及燃烧性分析

选取两种方法对化工污泥进行改性并研究改性后的污泥添加量对污泥水煤浆(S-CWS)成浆性、流变性和燃烧性的影响,从而获得制备高浓度污泥水煤浆的工艺参数.结果表明:选用Na OH对污泥进行改性制备出的污泥水煤浆成浆性较好;改性污泥添加量在10%~20%,可以得到成浆性良好的污泥水煤浆;添加改性污泥的污泥水煤浆较普通水煤浆的燃烧性能增加.     

Pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry applied to determine iodinated X-ray contrast media in sewage sludge

Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) has been successfully applied for the first time to the extraction of five iodinated X-ray contrast media from sludge. Once optimized all PLE parameters, the extract has been analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, being the method developed sensible enough to reach limit of quantifications (LOQs) of 25 μg kg⁻¹ (d.w.). The developed method has been applied to the analysis of sludge from urban sewage treatment plants and although some compounds such as iopromide, diatrizoic acid and iopamidol have been identified, their concentrations have been lower than their LOQs.     

Characterization of the Insoluble Sludge from the Dissolution of Irradiated Fast Breeder Reactor Fuel

Insoluble sludge is generated in the reprocessing of spent fuel. The sludge obtained from the dissolution of irradiated fuel from the “Joyo” experimental fast reactor was analyzed to evaluate its chemical form. The sludge was collected by the filtration of the dissolved fuel solution, and then washed in nitric acid. The yields of the sludge weight were less than 1% of the total fuel weight. The chemical composition of the sludge was analyzed after decomposition by alkaline fusion. Molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, and palladium were found to be the main constituent elements of the sludge. X-ray diffraction patterns of the sludge were attributable to Mo₄Ru₄RhPd, regardless of the experimental conditions. The concentrations of molybdenum and zirconium in the dissolved fast reactor fuel solutions were low, indicating that zirconium molybdate hydrate is produced in negligible amounts in the process.     

Phosphorus and Energy Recovery from Manure and Digestion Residues

Abstract

Human and animal excrements, in particular manure, stand for a significant and undisputable source of plant nutrients and renewable energy. In Europe, only 36% of P-inputs to soils originate from primary resources (rock phosphate) whereas 63% come from animal and human excretions applied to cropland as manure, digestion residues and sewage sludge. Simultaneously these waste flows represent a potential hazard to human health and aquatic bodies because of pathogens and eutrophication. Management of these waste flows is far from being sustainable, in part due to the lack of efficient processing technologies. A cooperative InnoEnergy—EIT financed KIC Knowledge and Innovation Community—research project pursues development and demonstration of highly efficient technologies to overcome the constraints and to yield renewable phosphate fertilizers and energy from waste flows that may have a combined technical energy potential of 3,600 PJ/year and an annual phosphate recovery potential of 4.5–5.5 million tonnes (as P₂O₅) in Europe.     

Environmental Determination of Alkylphenol Polyethoxylate Refractory Residues Using Mass Spectrometric Techniques

Abstract

The use of methane chemical ionisation GC/MS gave satisfactory results when applied to environmental analysis of halogenated octylphenol polyethoxylates residues. In addition the selected ion monitoring GC/MS technique has been successfully applied for simulataneous qualitative and quantitative determination of some refractory metabolites of nonylphenol polyethoxylates in secondary sewage effluent and surface waters.