商代玉器的审美特征

商代的玉器在继承红山文化和良渚文化玉器的基础上,与青铜器艺术互为借鉴,互为影响。在造型上,商代玉器常常因物赋形,展示了艺术家们高超的技巧,并在像生造型中实现了摹形与传神的统一。其匀称的比例和形与色的统一,既体现了先民们对自然造化法则的领悟,又反映了他们的独创性。在纹饰上,商代玉器以线条为主,采用线面结合和浮雕、圆雕等手法,纹饰灵活多变,栩栩如生,显得更为细腻、精致。其风格则具有崇尚自然和神人合一的宗教色彩等特点。     

卫星构架结构固有频率特性的试验研究和优化设计

以某卫星构架结构为研究对象，在有限元分析和模态试验验证的基础上，建立合理的优化模型，采用序列二次规划法进行固有频率的优化分析，力求尽可能地降低构架结构的总质量，同时保持原有的模态特性基本不变．优化结果表明，减重效果显著，即星上结构部件的减重潜力以及优化设计在工程设计领域的应用具有现实意义．     

北半球冬季大气环流变化对中国汛期雨带类型分布的影响

 基于1951～2001年1～5月500hPa高度场资料,研究了前期大气环流与中国汛期雨带类型分布的关系.通过分析前期各雨带类型对应的距平合成场和格点样本平均值显著性检验图,以及各雨带类型相应的前期大气环流特征.指出1～2月500hPa层次上,大气环流明显的表现为大尺度分布特征,而3～5月的大尺度分布特征不明显.这表明冬季(1～2月)各雨带类型的显著性关键区的大气环流异常是影响中国汛期雨带类型分布的一个重要因素.从而提出了一些预报线索,可供夏季我国大范围旱涝趋势的长期预报参考.     

谈《诗经》中的变文手法

《诗经》重章叠句的形式导致了诗中变文的大量出现。自从汉代人发现了“变文同义”的规律后，历代学者都用这一思路来解释《诗经》。我们学习《诗经》，一定要了解这些变文的形式特点和前人解释它们的模式。只有这样，我们才能有效地解决《诗经》中比较棘手的难词问题。     

多媒体教学手段在大学英语课堂上的运用

多媒体辅助教学现在开发出三种教学模式,即课堂教学模式、个性化学习模式和网络学习模式.它们运用在大学英语教学中,可以营造一个声、像、图、文并茂的英语环境,将听、说、读、写、译各项语言技能融为一体,达到省时高效、化难为易、化繁为简的目的.但是,多媒体辅助教学对传统教学是一种补充而不是替代,只有充分发挥二者的互补作用,在不同的教学模式中巧用多媒体,才能有效提高大学英语的教学质量.     

计算机教育应用发展模式的现实思考

计算机教育应用的理论基础从行为主义、认知主义发展到了今天的建构主义。建构主义学习理论强调以学生为中心，认为“情境”、“协商”、“会话”和“意义建构”是学习环境中的四大要素。多媒体计算机和Internet网络所具有的多种特性特别适合于创设建构主义学习环境，最有利于四大要素的充分体现，是一种理想的认知工具。因此，当前计算机教育应用发展模式的发展趋势就是多媒体化与网络化，并且二者日益紧密地结合起来。     

Geochemical study and significance of sequential extraction in reservoir rocks of Turpan-Hamin Basin

Seven samples collected from the Turpan-Hamin Basin were treated by sequential extraction method. Analytical results indicate that the free oils, inclusion oils (oil-bearing fluid inclusions) and clay-adsorbed oils vary significantly. The geochemical characteristics of inclusion and clay-adsorbed oils correlate well with the lacustrine mudstones. The characteristics are as follows: (i) with higher Ph/nC18 ratio and lower Pr/Ph ratio; (ii) with higher values of C26 tricyclic/C24 tetracyclic terpane, C23 tricyclic ter-pane/(C23 tricyclic terpane+C3017α(H) hopane), C21/(C21+C29) sterane, Ts/Tm and C29Ts/C29l7α(H) norhopane and lower value of C19/C21 tricyclic terpane; (iii) with relatively high content of C27 and C28 sterane and lower abundance of C29 sterane and diasterane. They indicate that the early charged oils are derived from the pre-Jurassic lacustrine mudstones and the later charged oils are from the Jurassic coal-bearing strata or coals.     

Book Reviews

Room temperature glass containing copper nitrate was produced using the microemulsion-gel method. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction spectra were used to demonstrate the presence of copper nitrate in the gel samples. The samples were examined using optical microscopy, with and without polarized filters, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis, before and after the extraction of the surfactant with an organic solvent. The results indicated that copper nitrate was present throughout the silicate network formed and was associated with the microemulsion components, i.e., the interstitial liquid, remaining in the bulk material.     

LOCALIZED PATTERNS OF THE CUBIC-QUINTIC SWIFT-HOHENBERG EQUATIONS WITH TWO SYMMETRY-BREAKING TERMS

Homoclinic snake always refers to the branches of homoclinic orbits \mbox{near} a heteroclinic cycle connecting a hyperbolic or non-hyperbolic equilibrium and a periodic orbit in a reversible variational system. In this paper, the normal form of a Swift-Hohenberg equation with two different symmetry-breaking terms (non-reversible term and non-k-symmetry term) are investigated by using multiple scale method, and their bifurcation diagrams are initially studied by numerical simulations. Typically, we predict numerically the existence of so-called round-snakes and round-isolas upon particular two symmetric-breaking perturbations.     

Thinking machines

We propose that a sufficiently advanced civilisation may employ Cepheid variable stars as beacons to transmit all-call information throughout the galaxy and beyond. They might employ a pulsed neutrino beam to trigger the expansion of a Cepheid at an earlier than normal time, generating a binary signature of normal period or artificially shortened period. One can construct many scenarios wherein it would be desirable for such a civilisation of star ticklers to transmit data to anyone else within viewing range. The beauty of employing Cepheids is that these stars can be seen from afar (we monitor them out through the Virgo cluster), and any developing technological society would seem to be likely to closely observe them as distance markers. Records exist of Cepheids for well over 100 years. We propose that these (and other regularly variable types of stars) be searched for signs of phase modulation (in the regime of short pulse duration) and patterns, which could be indicative of intentional signalling.