Qualitative evaluation of aromatic herbs by direct headspace GC analysis. Applications of the method and comparison with the traditional analysis of essential oils

GC headspace analyses of various aromatizing herbs have been compared with those relating to the essential oils, obtained by steam distillation, of the same plants. In this way it was possible to establish the most significant differences between the composition of a herb flavor and that of its essential oil. In particular, we observed some very volatile compounds in the headspace samples which were absent from the essential oil; these components may make an important contribution to the herb flavor. The identification of these substances is still in progress.     

Rapid liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of withanolides in crude plant extracts by use of a monolithic column

Summary A rapid analytical method has been developed for the mutual resolution of three steroidal compounds, withaferin A, iochromolide, and withacnistin. Liquid chromatography was performed on a Chromolith analytical column (4.6 mm i.d.×50 mm), made from a cylindrical silica rod, operated at a flow rate of 4 mL min⁻¹ with a simple linear gradient prepared from 0.1% aqueous formic acid and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. Under optimum conditions simultaneous separation of the compounds was achieved in less than 7 min, one eighth the time required for conventional LC separation. The overall analysis time was reduced without sacrificing chromatographic performance—essential for the resolution of positional isomers such as iochromolide and withacnistin. The column was coupled to a single-quadrupole mass spectrometer and the method was characterized by good performance in terms of repeatability, selectivity, linearity, and sensitivity. Detection limits in the single-ion-monitoring mode were 0.15 μg mL⁻¹ or below. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to the determination of withanolides in extracts fromlochroma gesnerioides obtained by three different processes—traditional Soxhlet extraction and two faster methods, microwave-assisted extraction and pressurized solvent extraction.     

Effect of solvent composition on free release static coating of capillary columns

Summary Three aspects with respect to the selection of solvents for static coating of capillary columns, i.e. coating speed, occurrence of bumping and solubility of stationary phases are discussed. Hypotheses are proposed in an attempt to explain the observed facts that mixed solvents result in much higher coating speeds than those obtained from pure solvents, that a proper choice of solvents together with a good and uniform deactivitation of the column inner wall is needed to prevent bumping. Stationary phase solubility vs. solvent composition is also briefly discussed.     

碳纤维布提高高强混凝土柱抗震能力评估方法

针对利用碳纤维布加固既有建筑中的高强混凝土柱，以及加固后抗震性能的评估问题，对7根高强混凝土柱进行试验研究，分析了碳纤维布约束高强混凝土的影响因素和约束机理．通过理论推导和统计回归的方法．提出了碳纤维布加固高强混凝土柱位移延性比的理论计算方法和基于两个回归公式的简化计算方法．两种计算方法概念清晰，简便适用，分析结果与试验值的相对误差控制在20％左右，可以满足抗震加固设计的要求．两个回归公式的决定系数R^2分别为0．97和0．99，具有很高的拟合精度，可用于碳纤维布约束混凝土柱的相关研究．     

钢筋混凝土框架柱受力全过程分析

为了对在压弯剪复合受力情况下的钢筋混凝土框架柱进行合理的受力全过程分析，采用桁架—拱模型、协调备件和钢筋混凝土应力-应变关系，并结合最小势能法，经过计算机编程，进行了不同参数的框架柱在复合受力情况下的全过程分析，通过计算结果与国内不同参数的52个框架柱和46个约束梁实验结果的对比，数据吻合较好，取得了较为满意的结果，为规范的修订、设计及施工提供有益的参考。     

钢管煤矸石砼偏压构件的承载力

利用均匀设计方法设计试验方案，进行了不同偏心率、不同长细比的钢管煤矸石砼偏心受压构件的试验研究，指出了均匀设计的优越性：推导出了计算钢管煤矸石砼偏心受压构件承载力的经验公式：分析了长细比与偏心距对偏心受压构件承裁力的交互影响；推导出了极限状态时偏心受压构件中截面的中性轴、挠度与偏心距和长细比之间的关系式。     

华北型煤田岩溶陷落柱分布规律及其水文地质意义

本文阐述了华北型煤田内岩溶陷落柱形成的基本条件及其分布规律，依其导水性把陷落柱划分为三大水文地质类型，指出多数是隔水的，但若形成较新或处于强径流带及集中排泄带，可成为矿床充水通道，勿通奥灰水进入矿坑，发生突水淹井事故。对此进行了深入探讨，并提出相应的防治方法     

方钢管砼偏压柱极限承载力计算的简化数值法

通过设定柱子挠曲线形状，简化了文献中方钢管混凝土偏压柱极限承载力的数值求解方法。在此基础上，经过大量计算，分析了各因素对承载力的影响。     

建筑群下覆岩加固协调开采减损方法

应用采动地表位移变形的极坐标模型,通过计算机预计模拟和全盆地位移变形等值线图优化分析,结合离层带注浆充填技术,得出采动对建筑物影响最小的工作面布置方式及其有关参数,通过改变工作面的布置方式和参数,有效地减少地表位移变形程度和控制覆岩下沉,从而达到保护建筑物,提高回采率的目的。这种方法安全、经济、技术管理简单可行。