基于Geant4的多相流CT系统优化设计

针对多相流CT系统,利用基于蒙特卡洛方法的高能粒子输运仿真软件工具包Geant4分析,构建了多相流CT系统5源、7源和9源仿真模型.分析多相流CT系统的数学模型,并利用LBP、FBP以及ART算法进行了图像重建.基于散射光子比和重建图像质量等优化指标分析,进行了多相流CT成像系统的优化设计.实验表明,优化设计后的CT系统使层流、环流和泡状流的散射光子比分别降低到5.32%、5.33%和5.29%,有效抑制了光子散射,明显改善了再构图像质量.     

基于自适应平方根UKF的微机械传感器融合航姿估计

提出一种新的基于自适应平方根UKF的微机械传感器组合姿态测量系统.该系统采用3轴微机械陀螺积分得到姿态角,采用3轴微机械加速度计测量重力矢量得到俯仰角和横滚角,分别校正俯仰漂移和横滚陀螺漂移;采用磁强计得到航向角,并与陀螺积分角度融合校正航向陀螺漂移.跑车实验结果表明,基于自适应平方根UKF算法可实时估计机动加速度干扰,并在融合滤波器中进行补偿,能够有效去除车辆机动加速度干扰,姿态角估计精度在±0.6°以内.     

基于STR-30的无线静脉注射监控仪设计

运用无线通信技术,设计了由微处理器、传感器和STR-30无线通信模块组成的静脉注射监控仪,实现了全自动、无线、实时监控静脉注射的全过程;无线静脉注射监控仪不仅高效、安全,而且推进了医疗信息的数字化.     

磁翻柱液位计中容栅传感器电容极板的优化设计

设计了一种新型容栅传感器，使磁翻柱液位计在更广泛的工况条件下，仍能准确地测量液位值并实现电信号远传．采用Hybrid—Trefftz有限元方法建立传感器中电场的数学模型，并精确地计算出磁翻柱翻转所引起的电容相对变化量．以此电容相对变化量为目标函数，分别对4种不同形状的电容极板和同形状不同结构参数的极板进行定量研究．从电容相对变化量随电容极板结构的变化曲线中，可知形状2且极板间距为5mm为极板的最优形状．以此结构的样机进行实验，结果表明，此传感器极板结构的优化与实验相吻合，其仿真值与实验值的相对误差仅为3．3％．     

一种新的CCD相机与激光相机的标定方法

在智能机器人的导航定位系统中,为了得到的信息更加全面和准确,一般采用多种传感器共同获取信息,这就需要进行数据的融合,多传感器的联合标定是数据融合的关键问题。针对CCD相机和激光相机进行标定,首先采集标定靶特殊点的信息,建立标定靶平面方程,其次用harris角点检测算法检测角点,去除不符合平面方程的点,最后求解旋转矩阵和平移矩阵。实验结果表明,该方法能有效去除混合像素,标定结果更加准确。     

植物中钙解码机制的研究进展

Ca2＋作为重要的第二信使,在植物生长发育中起着非常重要的作用．目前已经鉴定的植物Ca2＋传感器蛋白有：钙调素（CaM）、类钙调素蛋白（CMLs）、钙依赖型蛋白激酶（CDPKs）和类钙调磷酸酶B亚基蛋白（CBLs）及其互作蛋白激酶（CIPKs）,这些传感器蛋白多以基因家族形式存在,并且在植物中能够形成错综复杂的钙离子信号传递网络系统．主要从植物Ca2＋传感器蛋白的生化特性、生理功能和靶蛋白3个方面,综述了植物解码钙信号机制的最新研究进展．     

Modular Breath Analyzer (MBA): Introduction of a Breath Analyzer Platform Based on an Innovative and Unique,Modular eNose Concept for Breath Diagnostics and Utilization of Calibration Transfer Methods in Breath Analysis Studies

Exhaled breath analysis for early disease detection may provide a convenient method for painless and non-invasive diagnosis. In this work, a novel, compact and easy-to-use breath analyzer platform with a modular sensing chamber and direct breath sampling unit is presented. The developed analyzer system comprises a compact, low volume, temperature-controlled sensing chamber in three modules that can host any type of resistive gas sensor arrays. Furthermore, in this study three modular breath analyzers are explicitly tested for reproducibility in a real-life breath analysis experiment with several calibration transfer (CT) techniques using transfer samples from the experiment. The experiment consists of classifying breath samples from 15 subjects before and after eating a specific meal using three instruments. We investigate the possibility to transfer calibration models across instruments using transfer samples from the experiment under study, since representative samples of human breath at some conditions are difficult to simulate in a laboratory. For example, exhaled breath from subjects suffering from a disease for which the biomarkers are mostly unknown. Results show that many transfer samples of all the classes under study (in our case meal/no meal) are needed, although some CT methods present reasonably good results with only one class.     

Engineered Bifunctional Luminescent Pillared-Layer Frameworks for Adsorption of CO2 and Sensitive Detection of Nitrobenzene in Aqueous Media

Through a dual-ligand synthetic approach, five isoreticular primitive cubic (pcu)-type pillared-layer metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), [Zn₂(dicarboxylate)₂(NI-bpy-44)] ⋅ x DMF ⋅ y H₂O, in which dicarboxylate=1,4-bdc ( 1 ), Br-1,4-bdc ( 2 ), NH₂-1,4-bdc ( 3 ), 2,6-ndc ( 4 ), and bpdc ( 5 ), have been engineered. MOFs 1 – 5 feature twofold degrees of interpenetration and have open pores of 27.0, 33.6, 36.8, 52.5, and 62.1 %, respectively. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms of activated MOFs 1′ – 5′ at 77 K all displayed type I adsorption behavior, suggesting their microporous nature. Although 1′ and 3′ – 5′ exhibited type I adsorption isotherms of CO₂ at 195 K, MOF 2′ showed a two-step gate-opening sorption isotherm of CO₂. Furthermore, MOF 3′ also had a significant influence of amine functions on CO₂ uptake at high temperature due to the CO₂–framework interactions. MOFs 1 – 5 revealed solvent-dependent fluorescence properties; their strong blue-light emissions in aqueous suspensions were efficiently quenched by trace amounts of nitrobenzene (NB), with limits of detection of 4.54, 5.73, 1.88, 2.30, and 2.26 μm , respectively, and Stern–Volmer quenching constants (K_sv) of 2.93×10³, 1.79×10³, 3.78×10³, 4.04×10³, and 3.21×10³ m ⁻¹, respectively. Of particular note, the NB-included framework, NB@ 3 , provided direct evidence of the binding sites, which showed strong host–guest π–π and hydrogen-bonding interactions beneficial for donor–acceptor electron transfer and resulting in fluorescence quenching.     

Porous Tungsten Oxide: Recent Advances in Design,Synthesis, and Applications

Tungsten oxide (WO₃) has received ever more attention and has been highly researched over the last decade due to its being a low-cost transition metal semiconductor with tunable, yet widely stable, band gaps. This minireview briefly highlights the challenges in the design and synthesis of porous WO₃ including methods, precursors, solvent effects, crystal phases, and surface activities of the porous WO₃ base material. These topics are explored while also drawing a connection of how the morphology and crystal phase affect the band gap. The shifts in band gap not only impact the optical properties of tungsten but also allow tuning to operate on different energy levels, which makes WO₃ highly desirable in many applications such as supercapacitors, batteries, solar cells, catalysts, sensors, smart windows, and bioapplications.     

Photoluminescence-Based Techniques for the Detection of Micro- and Nanoplastics

The growing numbers related to plastic pollution are impressive, with ca. 70 % of produced plastic (>350 tonnes/year) being indiscriminately wasted in the environment. The most dangerous forms of plastic pollution for biota and human health are micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs), which are ubiquitous and more bioavailable. Their elimination is extremely difficult, but the first challenge is their detection since existing protocols are unsatisfactory for microplastics and mostly absent for nanoplastics. After a discussion of the state of the art for MNPs detection, we specifically revise the techniques based on photoluminescence that represent very promising solutions for this problem. In this context, Nile Red staining is the most used strategy and we show here its pros and limitations, but we also discuss other more recent approaches, such as the use of fluorogenic probes based on perylene-bisimide and on fluorogenic hyaluronan nanogels, with the added values of biocompatibility and water solubility.