Electrospray ionization stability and concentration sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry using a flow-through microvial interface

Concentration sensitivity is a key performance indicator for analytical techniques including for capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE–MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI). In this study, a flow-through microvial interface was used to couple CE with MS and improve the ESI stability and detection sensitivity. By infusing a peptide mixture through the interface into an MS detector at a typical flow rate for CE-MS analysis, the spatial region near the interface was mapped for MS signal intensity. When the sprayer tip was within a 6 × 6.5 × 5 mm region in front of the MS inlet, the ESI was stable with no significant loss of signal intensity for ions with m/z 239. Finite element simulations showed that the average electric field strength at the emitter tip did not change significantly with minor changes in emitter tip location. Experiments were conducted with four different mass spectrometer platforms coupled to CE via the flow-through microvial interface. Key performance indicators, that is, limit of detection (LOD) and linearity of calibration curves were measured for nine amino acids and five peptides. Inter- and intraday reproducibility were also tested. The results were shown to be suitable for quantification when internal standards were used.     

Rate sensitivity and deformation mechanism of semi-crystalline polymers during instrumented indentation

Instrumented indentation tests using both constant loading rate (CLR) and continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) operation modes were performed to investigate the deformation mechanism and their sensitivity to the deformation rate in semi-crystalline polymers through the quantitative analysis of load-depth loading and unloading curves. The strain rate was constant during the CSM tests, while the strain rate decreased with the increasing of loading time in CLR tests. The mechanical response mechanism of the semi-crystalline polymers to these tests was very complicated because of the combined effects of strain-hardening in the crystal phase and strain-softening in the amorphous phase. Results show that the loading index m reflects the strain-hardening or strain-softening response during indentation. When m > 2, the mechanical response was due to the strain-hardening, and when m < 2, the response was due to strain-softening. A method based on the measured contact hardness was proposed to obtain the unloading stiffness, and the other mechanical parameters could then be determined according to the unloading stiffness.     

3D Printing of Capacitive Pressure Sensors with Tuned Wide Detection Range and High Sensitivity Inspired by Bio-Inspired Kapok Structures

Flexible pressure sensors have drawn considerable attention for their potential applications as electronic skins with both sensitivity and pressure response range. Although the introduction of surface microstructures effectively enhances sensitivity, the confined volume of their compressible structures results in a limited pressure response range. To address this issue, a biomimetic kapok structure is proposed and implemented for constructing the dielectric layer of flexible capacitive pressure sensors employing 3D printing technology. The structure is designed with easily deformable concave and rotational structures, enabling continuous deformation under pressure. This design results in a significant expansion of the pressure response range and improvement in sensitivity. Further, the study purposively analyses crucial parameters of the devised structure that affect its compressibility and stability. These include the concave angle θ, height ratio d₁/d₂, rotation angle α, and width k. As a result, the ultimate pressure sensors demonstrate remarkable features such as high sensitivity (≈2.38 kPa⁻¹ in the range of 0–10 kPa), broad detection range (734 kPa), fast response time (23 ms), and outstanding pressure resolution (0.4% at 500 kPa). This study confirms the viability of bionic structures for flexible sensors, and their potential to expand the scope of wearable electronic devices.     

特征线法在求解非线性液相吸附色谱模型中的应用

本文应用特征线法求解非线性液相吸附色谱分离过程模型，论述了特征线法的原理和步骤，讨论了时间步长和空间步长对模型数值解的影响，并用色谱分离甘露醇和山梨醇以及分离蔗糖和还原糖的实验进行验证，用特征线法计算的理论流出曲线与实验流出线吻合较好。本文还分折了模型中各个参数的灵敏度，结果表明：吸附等温方程Q＝Ci*／（ai＋biCi*）中参数ai比参数bi以及总传质系数ki有更高的灵敏度。     

Bayesian robustness under a skew-normal class of prior distribution

We develop a global sensitivity analysis to measure the robustness of the Bayesian estimators with respect to a class of prior distributions. This class arises when we consider multiplicative contamination of a base prior distribution. A similar structure was presented by van der Linde [12]. Some particular specifications for this multiplicative contamination class coincide with well known families of skewed distributions. In this paper, we explore the skew-normal multiplicative contamination class for the prior distribution of the location parameter of a normal model. Results of a Bayesian conjugation and expressions for some measures of distance between posterior means and posterior variance are obtained. We also elaborate on the behavior of the posterior means and of the posterior variances through a simulation study.     

加权线性支持向量分类机的数据扰动分析

加权线性支持向量分类机是数据挖掘的新方法.它对应于一个优化问题.针对加权线性支持向量分类机优化问题建立了数据扰动分析理论方法.具体地针对加权线性支持向量分类机的原始问题建立了数据扰动分析基本定理,定理可以得到加权线性支持向量分类机问题的解及决策函数对数据参数的偏导数,同时可以定量分析输入数据的误差以及数据各种变化对其解以及决策函数值的定量影响,可以回答加权线性支持向量分类机问题的稳定性问题和灵敏度分析问题.     

Distribution sensitivity in a highway flow model

We examine a model of traffic flow on a highway segment, where traffic can be impaired by random incidents (usually, collisions). Using analytical and numerical methods, we show the degree of sensitivity that the model exhibits to the distributions of service times (in the queueing model) and incident clearance times. Its sensitivity to the distribution of time until an incident is much less pronounced. Our analytical methods include an M/G_t/∞ analysis (G_t denotes a service process whose distribution changes with time) and a fluid approximation for an M/M/c queue with general distributions for the incident clearance times. Our numerical methods include M/PH₂/c/K models with many servers and with phase‐type distributions for the time until an incident occurs or is cleared. We also investigate different time scalings for the rate of incident occurrence and clearance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

分派问题的灵敏度分析及其应用

讨论分派问题的效率矩阵的元素发生变化时,对最优解的影响;在保持分派问题最优解不变的情况下,效率矩阵的元素的变化范围;及当分派问题的最优解发生变化后,如何用简单的方法求得新的最优解等.     

阻尼系统重特征对导数的计算

提出了一种计算阻尼系统重特征值及其特征向量导数的方法．该方法利用n维空间的特征向量计算特征对的导数,避免了状态空间中特征向量的使用,从而节省了计算量,提高了计算效率．最后以一个5自由度的非比例阻尼系统对所提方法进行了数值试验,数值结果表明方法是有效的．     

Sensitivity of Bayes decisions for the success probability for samples from a nonbinomial population

Summary A family of generalised negative binomial distributions is employed to investigate inference robustness of the Bayes estimator of the unknown parameter of the binomial distribution. A zone of sensitivity for the test of significance is constructed to forewarn the pro-Jeffreys Bayesians against indiscriminate choice of the probability in favour of the null hypothesis. A few selected tables are presented to illustrate the effect of relaxation of the ‘binomiality’ assumption.