Monitoring the frozen duration of Qinghai Lake using satellite passive microwave remote sensing low frequency data

The Qinghai Lake is the largest inland lake in China. The significant difference of dielectric properties between water and ice suggests that a simple method of monitoring the Qinghai lake freeze-up and break-up dates using satellite passive microwave remote sensing data could be used. The freeze-up and break-up dates from the Qinghai Lake hydrological station and the MODIS LIB reflectance data were used to validate the passive microwave remote sensing results. The validation shows that passive microwave remote sensing data can accurately monitor the lake ice. Some uncertainty comes mainly from the revisit frequency of satellite overpass. The data from 1978 to 2006 show that lake ice duration is reduced by about 14--15 days. The freeze-up dates are about 4 days later and break-up dates about 10 days earlier. The regression analyses show that, at the 0.05 significance level, the correlations are 0.83, 0.66 and 0.89 between monthly mean air temperature （MMAT） and lake ice duration days, freeze-up dates, break-up dates, respectively. Therefore, inter-annual variations of the Qinghai Lake ice duration days can significantly reflect the regional climate variation.     

季节性指数平滑法在城市用水量预测中的应用研究

针对季节性平滑指数方法对于异常数据适应能力较差的特点,对该方法进行优化改进,建立更加可靠的数据模型,并通过实际监测数据检验,得出改进后的季节性平滑指数法在北方地区预测用水量具有更高的精度,满足给水系统的仿真要求。     

鄂尔多斯地区沙漠化遥感定量评价

利用Landsat TM遥感光谱信息,构建了多维向量空间下的14个遥感定量指标,采用Fisher逐步判别分析法从这些指标中筛选出8个与沙漠化现状(非沙漠化、潜在沙漠化、沙漠化)密切相关的指标(氧化铁、地表反照率、植被指数)和反映水与植物特性的5个波段(波段1,2,4,5,7),又分辨出6个与沙漠化程度密切相关的变量(氧化铁、地表反照率、植被指数和反映土壤水分和植物水分的2个波段(波段5,7)).利用这些指标建立的判别方程对鄂尔多斯地区沙漠化程度进行了评价,并与2000年的沙漠化程度评价结果对比,发现判别方程的精度达68.9%.结合遥感光谱信息和Fisher分类器可以在遥感图像处理软件下实现沙漠化现状与程度的自动识别,与单纯使用遥感光谱信息进行分类相比,引入遥感代用指标,对于沙漠化现状与程度的分类和分级具有更好的效果.     

Andrographolide Inhibits Biofilm and Virulence in Listeria monocytogenes as a Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor

Listeria monocytogenes is a major foodborne pathogen that can cause listeriosis in humans and animals. Andrographolide is known as a natural antibiotic and exhibits good antibacterial activity. We aimed to investigate the effect of andrographolide on two quorum-sensing (QS) systems, LuxS/AI-2 and Agr/AIP of L. monocytogenes, as well as QS-controlled phenotypes in this study. Our results showed that neither luxS expression nor AI-2 production was affected by andrographolide. Nevertheless, andrographolide significantly reduced the expression levels of the agr genes and the activity of the agr promoter P₂. Results from the crystal violet staining method, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) demonstrated that andrographolide remarkably inhibited the biofilm-forming ability of L. monocytogenes 10403S. The preformed biofilms were eradicated when exposed to andrographolide, and reduced surviving cells were also observed in treated biofilms. L. monocytogenes treated with andrographolide exhibited decreased ability to secrete LLO and adhere to and invade Caco-2 cells. Therefore, andrographolide is a potential QS inhibitor by targeting the Agr QS system to reduce biofilm formation and virulence of L. monocytogenes.     

An Image Compression Encryption Algorithm Based on Chaos and ZUC Stream Cipher

In order to improve the transmission efficiency and security of image encryption, we combined a ZUC stream cipher and chaotic compressed sensing to perform image encryption. The parallel compressed sensing method is adopted to ensure the encryption and decryption efficiency. The ZUC stream cipher is used to sample the one-dimensional chaotic map to reduce the correlation between elements and improve the randomness of the chaotic sequence. The compressed sensing measurement matrix is constructed by using the sampled chaotic sequence to improve the image restoration effect. In order to reduce the block effect after the parallel compressed sensing operation, we also propose a method of a random block of images. Simulation analysis shows that the algorithm demonstrated better encryption and compression performance.     

ASICs阻断剂对大鼠脑I/R损伤炎性反应的影响

探讨了酸敏感离子通道阻断剂阿米洛利对大鼠脑I/R损伤性炎性反应的影响。采用Zea Longa线栓法建立Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注(I/R)模型,于脑缺血2h再灌注24h时间点测定血清肿瘤坏死因子-α和血浆内皮素的含量。结果显示各组间比较差异有统计学意义:血清肿瘤坏死因子-α:F=9.937,P=0.000;血浆内皮素:F=49.487,P=0.000;阿米洛剂Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的血清肿瘤坏死因子-α和血浆内皮素较相应I/R模型组低(P<0.05)。这表明,阿米洛利可能通过阻断酸敏感离子通道减轻Ca2超载,降低肿瘤坏死因子-α和血浆内皮素的含量而抑制炎性反应,发挥神经保护作用。     

基于差分投影与优割字符的车牌字符分割

针对车牌字符分割提出一种基于差分投影与优割字符的车牌字符分割算法.该方法利用水平差分投影图进行倾斜校正和水平切割,使得倾斜校正和水平切割同时进行,在降低算法的复杂度的同时提高了水平定位精确度.然后,结合垂直投影和连通域算法寻找车牌的优割字符,生成滑动的分割模板进行字符的垂直分割,有效地解决了字符粘连、断裂情况下字符识别问题.实验证明该方法分割速度快,分割质量好,对于模糊车牌识别具有自学习品质和很强的抗干扰性能.     

菌群感应AHLs分子对小鼠肠道菌群多样性影响的分析

目的 探讨菌群感应信号分子N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯(N-acyl homoserine lactones,AHLs)对小鼠肠道微生物菌群构成的影响,为感染状态下肠道微生态的紊乱补充理论依据。方法 3-oxo-C10-HSL分子经腹腔注射小鼠后,于24 h分别在小鼠十二指肠及空回肠部位用拭子涂抹法取样,并通过Illumina Hiseq 2500高通量测序平台对样品16S rDNA测序,并进行微生物菌群分类构成及多样性分析。结果 在实验小鼠肠道内共检出22个细菌门,109个细菌属;对照组和3-oxo-C10-HSL处理组小鼠肠道不同部位菌群均以厚壁菌门(>50%)和变形菌门(>20%)为主,但两组在属水平菌群构成有明显差异,对照组优势菌属依次为葡萄球菌、埃希氏-志贺菌、乳球菌、假单胞菌、肠球菌,3-oxo-C10-HSL处理组优势菌属主要为肠球菌、埃希氏-志贺菌、葡萄球菌;多样性和丰度分析提示3-oxo-C10-HSL处理组肠道菌群多样性均有提高,大肠埃希菌属等主要优势菌丰度显著上升,而且空回肠部位的菌落丰度最高。结论 AHLs对小鼠肠道菌群构成影响较小,而对菌群内部某些特定类群结构变化影响较明显。     

利用动态平移法研究某油田油水分布特征

根据油田内资料欠缺、储层薄、岩性复杂、非均质性强的特点,提出用“动态平移法”进行流体性质识别。实践证明,该方法具有简便易行、精度高、分辨能力强等特点。利用此方法不仅可有效区分油、水、干层,并且可更准确地确定油层分布位置。     

基于融合特征和LS-SVM的脱机手写体汉字识别

提出的脱机手写体汉字识别系统主要研究特征提取和分类识别两个模块.特征提取模块主要包括采用基于不变矩和弹性网格技术的串行特征融合方法,所得到的特征向量不仅充分反映了手写体汉字的全局和局部特征,而且具有很强的区分表达能力.分类识别模块将神经网络多类分类策略与最小二乘支持向量机相结合,所得到的分类器不仅识别率高、泛化能力强,而且有效地解决了多类分类问题.实验证明本文提出的识别系统能够取得很好的识别效果.