A stereoselective synthesis of (2R,3S)-2-amino-3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid using an ether directed aza-Claisen rearrangement

A new approach for the stereoselective synthesis of (2R,3S)-2-amino-3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid, an α-amino acid from Lyophyllum ulmarium, has been accomplished using an ether directed aza-Claisen rearrangement. On investigation of optimal conditions for this key step it was shown for the first time that Au(I) can be used to catalyse this transformation.     

Synthesis of the fungal natural product (−)-xylariamide A

The first synthesis of the fungal natural product (−)-xylariamide A 1 is reported. N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide induced coupling of d-tyrosine with (E)-but-2-enedioic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl ester methyl ester 5 produced the dechloro natural product 6, which was subsequently monochlorinated using oxone and KCl to yield synthetic 1. (−)-Xylariamide A 1, (+)-xylariamide A 2 and (−)-dechloroxylariamide A 6 displayed no cytotoxic or antimicrobial activity.     

Characterization of silicon nitride particles synthesized in an atmospheric-pressure convection-stabilized arc

Silicon nitride powders were synthesized in an atmospheric-pressure convection-stabilized arc using silicon and ammonia as reactants. The morphology and particle size distributions of the silicon nitride particles were characterized by SEM, TEM, and electron diffraction analyses. The silicon nitride particles collected in the plasma reactor were formed by either gas-condensed phase reactions or chemical vapor reactions. The morphologies of the particles formed by gas-condensed phase reactions consisted of -Si₃N₄ prisms, -Si₃N₄ matte, -Si₃N₄ needles, and spaghetti-like whiskers. For the homogeneously nucleated particles, the morphologies included dendrites, needles, platelets, and amorphous particles. Most of the particles formed were aggregates with particle size distributions ranging from 500 to 1500 Å depending on the location of injection of the reactants.     

The mechanism of nitrite formation in the radiation-induced oxidation of ammonia in aerated aqueous solutions

The mechanism of the radiation-induced conversion of ammonia to nitrites and nitrates in aerated aqueous solutions has been studied. The formation of the pernitrite ion, O=N-O-O^–, was detected at pH 10.5. The kinetics of its formation and decay were studied, andk _form was estimated at (2.3±0.2)·10⁷ L mol^–1 s^–1. The course of decay obeys first-order kinetics; the rate constant decreases at higher pH. Radiochemical yields of pernitrite, nitrite and nitrate at various pH and initial NH₃ concentrations were determined. A mechanism of ammonia oxidation in aqueous solution is proposed.Translated fromIzyestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 280–283, February, 1993.     

高效液相色谱法测定水产品中的恶喹酸

建立了高效液相色谱法测定水产品中恶喹酸残留量的方法。样品用二氯甲烷提取后，除去溶剂，用稀盐酸和正己烷处理，去除残渣中的脂肪，再用二氯甲烷萃取，浓缩至干后用甲醇定容。以0.002mol/L磷酸溶液－乙腈－四氢呋喃（体积比为65：20：15）为流动相，在ODS反相色谱柱上分离后，用荧光检测器测定，外标法定量。方法的线性范围为5－5000ng/mL，线性回归方程为A＝9.426c-2.123，相关系数r=0.9988，检出限为1μg/kg，回收率为93.0%-96.0%，相对标准偏差为3.7%-6.2%。     

Discrimination between ethanol inhibition models in a continuous alcoholic fermentation process using flocculating yeast

Discrimination between different rival models for describing the inhibitory effect of ethanol both on yeast growth and on fermentation was studied for a continuous process of alcoholic fermentation in a tower reactor with recycling of flocculating cells. Models tested include linear, parabolic, hyperbolic, exponential, and generalized nonlinear power-law types. The best expressions were identified under the criteria that all the kinetic parameters should assume acceptable values in a feasible range and should result in the best fit of the experimental data. The kinetic parameters were estimated from steady-state data of several sugar concentrations in feeding stream (S₀ = 160, 170, 180, 190, 200 g/L), constant dilution rate (D = 0.2 h^-1), recycle ratio (α = 13.6), and temperature (T = 30°C). The best model for the yeast growth was of power-law type, whereas for the product formation the best model was of linear type. These models were able to reproduce the trends of the process variables satisfactorily.     

Outer product analysis of electronic nose and visible spectra: application to the measurement of peach fruit characteristics

Visual aspect and aroma are among the most important features of fruit that determine consumer preferences. Electronic nose and spectroscopic techniques have shown positive results in evaluating some basic analytical parameters of fruit and global features such as the cultivar.In this paper, we illustrate and discuss a study aimed at evaluating the improvement derived by the fusion of visible spectra and electronic nose data. These experiments were performed on a population of yellow peaches belonging to two cultivars. Each sample was measured by visible optical spectroscopy and by electronic nose. In addition, a number of reference parameters were also measured by conventional destructive methodologies.Collected data were analysed individually and then fused together in order to classify the two cultivars and to estimate the reference parameters. Data fusion was performed building the outer product matrix for each measurement. The set of matrices was then successively unfolded and analysed by conventional chemometrics tools.Results were improved using outer products, for instance in classification average percentage errors of 25, 10, and 7 for electronic nose, spectra, and outer product, respectively was achieved. Regression analysis provides the evidence of a substantial orthogonal appearance of the datasets, which offer former hidden information on fruit classification.     

基于CAD技术的产品包装设计的研究

将CAD技术应用于产品包装的设计过程中,提出了在多种设计软件辅助下产品包装设计的流程。对包装设计过程中平面标贴经三维贴图后发生的畸变现象和不同软件间数据传送存在的问题提出了解决方法,避免了传统产品包装设计中不必要的重复性劳动,使得设计过程更合理,效率更高,提高了设计效果。     

基元模型在服装CPC中的应用

通过分析服装协同产品商务(CPCC)和可拓学的特点，以及现有服装企业工作流系统跨企业协作存在的信息一致性和重用度等方面的缺陷，提出借用可拓学中基元模型的形式化描述体系对CPCC中物元、事元和关系元进行规范化的描述，进而为用可拓学的语言描述协同企业的工作流系统打下基础。通过两个事例给予了说明。     

基于协同过程的产品开发链框架研究

从内涵、概念模型以及协同过程控制等方面建立了产品开发链的理论框架,提出了产品开发链的组织、过程及环境多视图模型;从成员选择的角度研究了开发链的构建原理;介绍了开发链的5大组成要素,即开发目标、组织结构、开发活动及任务、产品数据、协同控制机制等,而协同过程是产品开发链的核心元素,最后提出了基于协同过程的产品开发链系统层次框架.