全球参考站网窄巷非校准相位延迟

窄巷非校准相位延迟（UPD）产品的质量和可用性是影响精密单点定位模糊度固定（PPPAR）效率的重要因素.采用全球108个国际GPS服务（International GPS Service,IGS）测站观测数据,计算了基于全球参考站网的窄巷UPD产品,分析了窄巷UPD产品的变化特性,其单日变化量最大可达0.6周.通过分析UPD改正后的模糊度残差,论证了UPD产品和用户端模糊度均受到因未被恰当模型化而造成的残余误差的影响,且UPD的时变特性与各参考站残余系统误差有关.最后,采用4个用户站进行PPPAR实验分析UPD产品的可用性,以模糊度固定失败率、固定错误率和首次固定时间为评估指标,结果表明,全球参考站网窄巷UPD产品的最佳使用时限不大于30 min.     

顶吹搅拌液相流体的水模实验与数值模拟分析

采用水模型和VOF数学模型对浸没式气体顶吹搅拌液相流体分别进行实验与数值模拟,分析在不同喷吹条件下气泡在液相中的形变、运动及液相流体的流场特性。结果表明,随着气流量和喷管浸入液面深度的增加,气-液混合区域分布范围逐渐扩大,液面波动更剧烈;气流量越大、喷管浸入液面越深、液相温度越高,气泡运动对液相流体内部的搅拌作用越强,流体内部扰动越剧烈,液相流场域中的流场速度越大,其中,当气流量为2.0m3/h、喷管浸入液面深度为340mm时,其液相流场速度最大值达到1.18m/s。     

假塑性流体液滴撞击壁面上的铺展的格子Boltzmann模拟

流体液滴在壁面上的铺展与沉积在工业应用中存在广泛应用,研究非牛顿流体特性对液滴铺展的影响具有重要的实际意义。基于相场法建立了非牛顿幂律流体与牛顿流体的两相流格子Boltzmann模型,引入包括接触角影响的边界条件,模拟了假塑性流体在幂律指数（n）0.5~1.0以及韦伯数（We）5~45时液滴撞击壁面的铺展过程。结果表明：相对于牛顿流体,幂律流体的非牛顿特性会抑制液滴的铺展,且n越小,越有利于液滴沉积。此外,韦伯数越大,液滴越快地达到稳定。     

液态金属高性能冷却技术:发展历程与研究前沿

 "热障"问题已经成为阻碍高端电子芯片和光电器件向更高性能发展的重要挑战,发展高性能芯片冷却和热管理技术迫在眉睫。作为一大类新兴的热管理材料,液态金属在对流冷却、热界面材料、相变热控等领域均带来了观念和技术上的巨大革新,打破了传统冷却技术的性能极限,给大量面临"热障"难题的器件和装备的冷却提供了全新解决方案,有望在国防、航空航天、能源系统及民用电子设备等领域的冷却与热管理系统中发挥重要作用。本文回顾了液态金属先进冷却技术的发展历程,主要包括液态金属对流冷却技术、液态金属热界面材料、液态金属（低熔点金属）相变储能与热控技术、基于液态金属的复合冷却技术等;梳理了液态金属冷却技术中的关键科学与技术问题和面临的挑战。     

一种基于双基线旋转的改进干涉仪定位算法

传统双长基线干涉仪（DLBI）测向算法要求两根基线长度严格互质,在模糊数较大时算法性能会严重下降,且对鉴相器误差敏感.针对该问题,文中提出了一种改进的双基线旋转干涉仪（DBRI）定位算法,所提算法利用两组任意长度的基线以任意角速度反向旋转获得相位差进行定位,对鉴相器误差具有鲁棒性,且在模糊数很大时也有较高的定位精度.仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性和正确性.      

超高速碰撞成坑特性分子动力学模拟

基于开源分子动力学程序LAMMPS,对直径为4.86 nm的球形铝弹丸以10 km/s超高速撞击半无限厚铝靶进行模拟.弹坑形成的物理过程与超高速碰撞宏观现象相似,弹坑深度与宏观经验公式计算结果基本一致,获得了弹丸头部相对于碰撞点的位移随时间的变化规律;分析了靶板中冲击波传播特性,碰撞初期冲击波阵面传播速度达到12 km/s,随后冲击波传播速度逐渐减小,接近于弹性波速;弹坑周围观测区发生熔化相变,熔化时间持续0.07 ps,熔化层厚度为2.9 nm;弹坑周围观测区冷却速率达到1015 K/s量级,抑制了原子重结晶,最终呈现为固相非晶结构.      

Synthesis and luminescence properties of Mn4+-dopant Ca14Zn6Ga10−xAlxO35 solid solution

Mn~(4+)-activated oxide phosphors,owing to their desirable spectral features,eco-friendly and low cost,are emerging as a new class of non-rare-earth red phosphors for warm white LEDs.However,these phosphors possess low photoluminescence quantum efficiency excited by blue chip currently.Herein we report an isostructural solid solution of Ca_(14)Zn_6Ga_(10-x)Al_xO_(35):0.15Mn~(4+)(0≤x≤10)synthesized by a traditional solidstate reaction route.The microstructure and luminescent performance of this red-emitting phosphor are investigated in detail with the aids of X-ray diffraction,diffuse reflection spectra,photoluminescence spectra/decay/QE,and temperature-dependent PL/QE measurements.Blue shift of energy peaks of~4A_2→~4T_1and~4A_2→~4T_2transition is illustrated by the Tanabe–Sugano diagram and the configurational coordinate diagram.The crystal field strength(Dq)and the Racah parameters(B and C)are carefully calculated to estimate the nephelauxetic effectβrespectively.Particularly we achieve external and internal quantum efficiencies as high as26.1%and 40.3%for Ca_(14)Zn_6Ga_6Al_4O_(35):0.15Mn~(4+)excited by 466 nm,the highest one ever reported in Mn~(4+)activated oxide phosphors under the similar condition.     

Study on the hydrogen storage property of (TiZr0.1)xCr1.7-yFeyMn0.3 (1.05

Jigang Li  Li Xu  Xiaojing Jiang  Xingguo Li 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2018,28(4):470-477

高铝熔渣物相析出演变规律研究

以改善高铝渣浸出性能为目标,采用DSC实验和SEM-EDS检测方法,研究了高铝渣控温冷却过程中物相析出规律,考察了降温速率、n(CaO)/n(Al₂O₃)和MgO含量对铝酸钙渣物相析出演变规律的影响.结果表明:当降温速率加快时,熔渣凝固过程趋于更大程度的偏析,C₂S相变愈不充分,粒度粗化,劣化了自粉行为和浸出条件;随着调高渣中n(CaO)/n(Al₂O₃),C₁₂A₇的析出温度升高,物相析出活性按照CA→C₁₂A₇→C₃A逐渐增强;当渣中含有MgO时,物相中出现C₂MS₂,不利于C₂S物相转变,更为重要的是MgO富集在含铝物相中形成Q相,显著恶化氧化铝浸出率和收得率.     

Simplified sonochemical preparation of titania embedded with selected metals for purification of benzene and toluene

Titania (TiO₂) photocatalysts, each embedded with one of six metals (Ag, Ce, Co, Fe, Mg, and Mn), were prepared using a simplified ultrasonic process. The characteristics of the prepared metal-embedded TiO₂ (metal–TiO₂) were determined using transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, photoluminescence emission spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption. Except for Co–TiO₂, the metal–TiO₂ photocatalysts showed improved performance for the decomposition of gaseous benzene and toluene, which are two of the most problematic indoor air pollutants that can cause a variety of adverse health symptoms, under daylight lamp irradiation. Photocatalytic activity was greatest for the Mg–TiO₂ sample, followed by, in order, the Ag–TiO₂, Ce–TiO₂, Fe–TiO₂, Mn–TiO₂, unmodified TiO₂, and Co–TiO₂ samples. Although Mg–TiO₂ showed the least redshift in its light absorption and the highest electron–hole recombination rate among the metal–TiO₂ photocatalysts, it yielded the highest photocatalytic activity, likely because of its increased adsorption capacity and anatase composition. The degradation of benzene and toluene over Mg–TiO₂ improved as ultrasound treatment amplitude increased from 20 to 37 μm, then decreased gradually as amplitude was further increased to 49 μm. Degradation efficiency also improved as ultrasound operation time increased from 30 to 60 min, then decreased gradually as amplitude was further increased to 90 min. Overall, this process could be utilized to prepare metal–TiO₂ photocatalysts with improved performance for the decomposition of gas phase pollutants under daylight lamp irradiation.