Influence of silica gel pretreatment and bonding technique on PAH selectivity of octadecyl bonded phases

Summary The effect of silica gel pretreatment and of different bonding techniques, on the chromatographic properties of octadecyl bonded phases is described. The experiments show that a monomeric octadecyl bonded phase, prepared from silica gel that has not been treated before bonding, has a poor selectivity towards polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and shows high adsorption of basic components. Silica gel treatment before the bonding of the monofunctional silane does not give a substantial improvement. Polymeric phases on the other hand show a much better PAH selectivity and a lower adsorptivity towards basic components. Further improvement can be achieved with the polymeric modification if silica gel treatment is carried out before bonding.     

Analysis of organic compounds in environmental samples by headspace solid phase microextraction

The analysis of samples contaminated by organic compounds is an important aspect of environmental monitoring. Because of the complex nature of these samples, isolating target organic compounds from their matrices is a major challenge. A new isolation technique, solid phase microextraction, or SPME, has recently been developed in our laboratory. This technique combines the extraction and concentration processes into one step; a fused silica fiber coated with a polymer is used to extract analytes and transfer them into a GC injector for thermal desorption and analysis. It is simple, rapid, inexpensive, completely solvent-free, and easily automated. To minimize matrix interferences in environmental samples, SPME can be used to extract analytes from the headspace above the sample. The combination of headspace sampling with SPME separates volatile and semi-volatile analytes from non-volatile compounds, thus greatly reducing the interferences from non-target compounds. This paper reports the use of headspace SPME to isolate volatile organic compounds from various matrices such as water, sand, clay, and sludge. By use of the technique, benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylene isomers (commonly known as BTEX), and volatile chlorinated compounds can be efficiently isolated from various matrices with good precision and low limits of detection. This study has found that the sensitivity of the method can be greatly improved by the addition of salt to water samples, water to soil samples, or by heating. Headspace SPME can also be used to sample semi-volatile compounds, such as PAHs, from complex matrices.     

激光热致相变核-壳微胶囊的合成与性能

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为主要的核单体，甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯作为壳单体，叔胺盐作为壳的改性剂，合成了平均粒径为55nm具有激光热致相变性能的核壳微胶囊。用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征；用透射电镜观察了微胶囊形貌；用示差量热分析法、热重分析法测定了热性能、接触角仪测定了相变前后的亲水性，探讨了对相变效果的影响因素。核聚合物的玻璃化转变温度为56.2℃，壳聚合物的玻璃化转变温度为85.3℃；该微胶囊感激光后发生相变，接触角由初始的20°变为93°。     

用参数变换方法研究—族钻石分形晶格上Ising模型的相变

采用英国著名学者Stinchcombe提出的理论方法——参数变换，研究了一族钻石分形晶格上Ising模型的相变和临界性质，结果表明：与实空间部分格点消约(decimation)RG变换的结果完全一致．这似乎暗示着用该方法精确求解其他等级晶格上的离散自旋模型是有效的．     

相干态与其叠加态之间的距离

根据LudwigKn ll对两量子态间距离函数的定义,得到了任意一个相干态|α0〉与相干态|α〉及其相反态通过任意系数线性叠加组成的叠加态———猫态|Ψ〉之间距离函数的一般表达式D(r,r0,φ).依据D(r,r0,φ),讨论了|α0〉与|Ψ〉之间的相似特性与其内禀参数之间的关系.结果表明,态|α0〉与|Ψ〉的相似程度,不但与每个相干态在复空间的平移距离有关,而且与态|α0〉和|α〉相对初始相位差Δθ以及叠加相位有关.     

四台单模激光的混沌强度和位相同步

运用数值模拟的方法对四台空间相互耦合的单模Nd：YAG激光器系统的动力学行为进行了研究，讨论了激光系统中的输出强度，并利用分析信号位相和高斯位相变换对激光系统中强度的位相进行了分析。数值研究表明，激光强度存在混沌同步，且强度的混沌同步是通过其位相同步来实现的。通过对功率谱和李雅普诺夫指数的分析，可以确信所研究的激光系统处于混沌状态。     

N阶线性跟踪-微分器及其在电力系统相角预测中的应用

证明了一种N阶线性跟踪一微分器的收敛性。由于该线性跟踪一微分器的结构参数和跟踪性能对噪声和对象有一定的敏感度和依赖性，采用自适应遗传算法对三阶线性跟踪一微分器的结构参数进行了优化，以期获得较好的参数匹配，提高跟踪预测的精度和速度。将优化后的三阶线性跟踪一微分器用于电力系统参考相角预测研究中，仿真结果证明，优化后的三阶线性跟踪一微分器具有较好的跟踪性能和预测精度，满足电力系统相角预测的要求。     

煤矸石制多孔玻璃微珠

基于煤矸石综合利用技术，以煤矿的废弃物——煤矸石为原料，使用立式成珠炉反应装置，利用热分相和酸浸析方法制备了多孔玻璃微珠。应用氮吸附静态容量法，获得该多孔玻璃微珠的氮吸附等温线、比表面和孔分布曲线，并探讨了多孔玻璃微珠的吸附特性和成珠条件。结果表明：1273K温度的立式成珠炉内，在833K热分相温度、3tool/L HCl酸浸析条件下，煤矸石和添加剂粉末可制得孔径分布在12nm左右、孔隙率较高的白色多孔玻璃微珠。     

Log Gabor小波性能分析及其在相位一致性中应用

对Gabor函数与log Gabor函数进行比较，构造了log Gabor小波，从人类视觉系统认知特性的角度分析了该小波的性能，并与Gabor小波进行了比较，最后将log Gabor小波应用在相位一致性的图像特征检测中，实验证明，使用log Gabor小波不但可以提高特征的定位精度，而且在检测效果相似的情况下，log Gabor小波比Gabor小波可以节约一半的计算量。     

NaTaO3电子结构的第一性原理研究

在广义梯度近似 (GGA)下 ,利用全电势线性缀加平面波法 (FLAPW)计算了钽酸钠 (NaTaO3)的电子结构 .为了进一步理解原子间的相互作用 ;计算了NaTaO3的态密度、能带结构、电子密度 .通过对态密度的分析 ,发现在钽原子 3d电子和氧原子 2p电子之间存在强烈的轨道杂化 .对电子密度和能带的分析也得出同样的结论 .NaTaO3晶体中有两种电子相互作用 ,一种是钽原子和氧原子之间存在的共价相互作用 ,另一种是钠 (Na)和氧化钽 (TaO3)基团之间的离子相互作用