控制和减小丁坝下游回流影响的实验

流动边界出现凸出障碍物会引起边界层分离,导致回流发展、流态恶化、泥沙淤积等一系列问题。作者在50cm宽的水槽中进行了系列实验,用丁坝模拟凸出障碍物,采用"吸、喷"水方法。这样可以改变障碍物周围的水流流态,缩小其尾流回流范围,大幅度减少回流淤积,效果十分明显。根据大量实验数据得出了"吸、喷"流量大小与回流尺度减小和回流淤积减少的关系式。研究结果有重要的学术意义和很大的实用价值。     

Vegetation and climate changes during the last 8660 cal. a BP in central Mongolia, based on a high-resolution pollen record from Lake Ugii Nuur

Based on modern pollen studies and reliable chronology of nine AMS 14C dates, a detailed history of vegetation and climate changes during the past 8660 cal. a BP was reconstructed by a high-resolution pollen record from Ugii Nuur in central Mongolia. Poaceae-steppe dominated the study area and the climate was mild and semi-humid before 7800 cal. a BP with a noticeable cool and humid interval at 8350―8250 cal. a BP. Xerophytic plant increased and the climate became warm and dry gradually since 7800 cal. a BP...     

Multi-objective dynamic detection of seeds based on machine vision

An approach to inspecting massive numbers of moving seeds was studied based on the techniques of dynamic inspection and machine vision. A progressive scanning CCD camera with external trigger function was used for real-time capture of dynamic images of seeds. The methods based on R channel of RGB (Red, Green and Blue) and region-dependent segmentation were adopted to reduce the data size of image processing and improve the efficiency of seeds inspection. All the seeds were sorted into four grades according to their morphological characteristics, such as surface area, perimeter, major axis, minor axis, circularity and eccentricity. The detection experiments indicated that the eligible ratio of the classifications was about 81.90% by this real-time inspection system.     

沉积型微生物燃料电池对 模拟湖泊水中磷的去除

沉积型微生物燃料电池(SMFC)是借助于沉积物中具有电化学活性微生物的催化作用,氧化沉积物中有机物以获得电能的一种装置,它具有用于淡水水体的原位修复的潜力.以湖泊底泥为阳极底物,含磷模拟配水为阴极液,构建了SMFC系统,研究了其产电性能及其对水中总磷去除的影响.结果表明,构建的SMFC系统可成功产电,运行22 d后输出电压达到最大值0.28 V(外电阻为1 000Ω).稳定运行期间,底泥烧失量由4.42%降低至1.91%;底泥氧化还原电位显著提高,由初始的-254 m V上升至-183 m V;溶液p H由初始的6.02上升至7.34;水中总磷浓度由10 mg/L降低至0.13 mg/L,这可能与SMFC使底泥电位、p H升高有关.     

一种基于改进DBSCAN的雷达信号分选算法

针对传统DBSCAN算法参数设置依靠人工经验的不可靠性,并且对非均匀数据聚类效果差的问题,基于云模型(Cloud Model)提出了一种CMDBSCAN算法,算法首先结合距离曲线倾角突变的特点自适应获得邻域半径,并根据雷达信号分布密度设置聚类密度点数阈值,可实现DBSCAN算法自适应运行;同时结合多维云模型理论,对DBSCAN算法分选结果进行有效性评估,利用判定结果进一步优化参数设置.根据仿真模拟的复杂对抗过程中帧收的雷达信号进行实验,证明该算法可实现非均匀雷达信号的自适应分选,同时可有效避免在多功能雷达信号分选中的"增批"问题.     

室内模拟研究颤蚓扰动对污染沉积物中镉形态分布的影响

通过室内模拟颤蚓在镉污染湖泊沉积物中的生物扰动, 采用Tessier连续萃取法对生物扰动后不同深度沉积物中的镉进行形态分析. 通过研究颤蚓扰动对沉积物不同深度的氧化还原电位及上覆水pH值的影响, 进一步分析其对沉积物中镉形态分布的影响. 结果表明, 颤蚓扰动可以改变其活动区域内沉积物的微环境（如pH值、 氧化还原电位等）, 进而对沉积物中镉的主要存在形态产生影响; 颤蚓扰动可提高镉从沉积物内部微孔向溶液中扩散的速率, 进而提高沉积物中镉的纵向迁移能力, 促进镉从铁锰氧化物结合态向可交换态的转移; 颤蚓扰动还能增加沉积物表层碳酸盐结合态及可交换态镉的质量比, 影响水/沉积物界面镉的交换; 有机/硫化物结合态及残渣态镉的质量比较低, 受颤蚓生物扰动影响不显著.     

高精度镉同位素分析样品消解方法对比研究

为考察不同消解方法的优缺点以及对不同基质样品(沉积物和大米)Cd同位素组成的影响,该文采用干法灰化法、酸提取法、微波消解法和高温高压密闭消解法等消解方法对水系沉积物(GSD)进行消解处理,比较了不同消解方法对沉积物Cd同位素组成测定的影响.随后使用微波消解法和高温高压密闭消解法对大米标准物质以及实际大米样品进行了消解....     

Dynamic release process of pollutants during suspended sediment transport in aquatic system

Pollutants release is highly consistent with suspended sediment concentration （SSC） in water column, especially during re-suspension and transport events. The present research focuses on pollutant dynamic release from re-suspended sediment, especially the vertical distribution relationship between them. The sediment erosion experiments on a series of uniform flow are conducted in a circulate flume. Reactive tracer （phosphorus） is used as the contaminant in fine-grained sediments to identify the release characteristic length and time. Experimental results show that the flow condition near-bed depends on the sediment surface roughness. The region with high turbulent intensities corresponds to a high concentration sediment layer. In addition, the SSC decreases with the distance, water depth, and particle grain size. The sediment in a smaller grain size takes much more time to reach equilibrium concentration. Total phosphorus （TP） concentration changes along the water depth as SSC in the initial re-suspension stage, appearing in two obvious concentration regimes： the upper low-concentration layer and the high-concentration near-bottom layer. This layered phenomenon remains for about 3 hours until SSC distri- bution tends to be uniform. Longitudinal desorption plays an important role in long-way transport to reduce the amount of suspended sediment in water column.     

Environmental radioactivity of soils and sediments: Egyptian sector of the Nile valley

The activity concentrations of natural ⁴⁰K, ²³²Th, and ²³⁸U in 89 soil and 84 sediment samples collected over the entire Egyptian Nile River basin including the Nile delta are reported based on the results of epithermal neutron activation analysis. The average activity concentrations of ⁴⁰K, ²³²Th, and ²³⁸U equal to 15.3?±?6.6, 15.6?±?11.1 and 220?±?31 Bq/kg, respectively, are significantly lower than those reported for the Upper Continental Crust, World Average Sediments as well as World Average Soils, suggesting the presence of a considerable portion of mafic material, most probably originating from the Ethiopian High Plateau. Their average activity concentrations are statistically the same in soil and sediments, indicating that the Nile sediments and soil material are of the same origin. The main goal of this study was not only to estimate the radiological hazards but also to show the influence of sedimentary material transportable by the Blue Nile from the Ethiopian High Plateau. The different hazard indices like the radium equivalent, gamma index, external hazard as well as the internal hazard show a low radiological exposure either on direct contact or if local mud bricks are used in the construction of dwellings.     

Some Aspects of the Mobility and Distribution of Toxic Heavy Metal Contaminants Insoil Profiles and River Sediments

Abstract

Investigations of the distribution and mobility of Pb, Ni, Cd and Hg have shown that Pb is strongly associated with humic substances in the top layer of soils and in river sediments, and that Pb shows the highest organophilicity. Ni is very organophilic, and Cd, somewhat less so. The hydrophilicity of Hg highly influences its movement in soil profiles and river sediments. The risk of contamination by these metals is characterized through the environment protection capacity (EPC_G) values which combine humus content and the quality and thickness of the humus layer in one parameter. The risk of contamination is highest at low EPC_G values. Increase of EPC_G decreases the risk of environmental contamination through binding of heavy metals to humic substances, decreasing their mobility.