Efficiency of tributyltin extraction from rhine river sediment

A Rhine river sediment sample was spiked with tributyltin (TBT), equilibrated for ten days and the tributyltin extraction efficiency was optimised using a simplex algorithm. Analysis was effected using hydride generation gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectroscopy (GC-AAS) apparatus. The results show that, in this sediment sample, different molarities of HCl in methanol extract different species with varying extraction efficiencies. The least polar extraction solution extracted TBT more efficiently, whilst DBT and MBT require molar solution of HCl in methanol for efficient extraction.     

液相组合合成的纯化方法

综述了近8年来液相平行合成和组合合成中应用的不同技术, 包括可溶性载体、氟合成技术、离子液体、固相试剂树脂以及低聚乙烯二醇(OEG)衍生物的应用等几方面内容. 论述了它们的基本原理以及相关的应用实例, 并着重强调了目标化合物的分离纯化方法.     

Evaluation of a synergetic effect between Rh as permanent chemical modifier and acetylacetone as complexing agent in Sc determination in sediment slurry samples by ETAAS

In the present work, scandium was determined in sediment slurry samples (from three different rivers) by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Slurries were prepared by weighting 100 mg of dry sediment samples (≤53 μm particle sizes) and adding 6 ml of HCl:HNO₃:HF (3:1:2, v/v). Accurate results were only possible due to the synergetic effect between Rh as permanent chemical modifier and acetylacetone (Acac) as complexing agent. The same platform was used for 400 heating cycles. The performance of the chemical modification was evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) and some figures of merit (precision and detectability). The best analytical conditions were attained using 1500 and 2550 °C as pyrolysis and atomization temperatures. The scandium content in the liquid phase of the slurries ranged from 61 to 73%, thus indicating, in this study, that both liquid and solid phases play an important role in slurry analyses. An amount of 5.0–20.0 μg l⁻¹ Sc linear range as well as LOD and LOQ of 0.19 and 0.62 μg l⁻¹, respectively, were obtained under these conditions. The accuracy was checked by using microwave-assisted decomposition, and the results compared to those obtained with the proposed methodology (slurry analysis). By checking both sets of the results, there is no statistical difference at the 95% confidence levels.     

Air-Segmented Continuous-Flow Analysis for Molybdenum in Various Geochemical Samples

 An air-segmented continuous-flow method has been developed for the determination of molybdenum at ultra trace levels using the catalytic effect of molybdate during the oxidation of L-ascorbic acid by hydrogen peroxide. Incorporation of an on-line ion exchange column improved the tolerance limit for various ions. The detection limits with and without the column were 64 pmol L⁻¹ and 17 pmol L⁻¹, and the reproducibilities at 10 nmol L⁻¹ were 2.1% and 0.2%, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of molybdenum in seawater and lake water as well as in rock and sediment samples. This method has the highest sensitivity among the available literature to our knowledge, and is also convenient for routine analysis of molybdenum in various natural samples. Author for correspondence. E-mail: masahito.sugiyama@ sojin0206.mbox.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp Received October 23, 2002; accepted January 28, 2003 Published online May 19, 2003     

天津塘沽驴驹河海岸带海水和沉积物现状调查

通过对天津塘沽区驴驹河海岸带5个海水样品和16个沉积物样品的采样分析，对该区的海水和沉积物环境质量状况进行了评价。结果表明，该水域主要受到了油类和重金属汞(Hg)的污染，其中油类和汞的污染指数平均值分别为2．698和6．64；砷(As)和石油烃是沉积物的主要污染物，砷的污染指数平均值为0．904，石油烃的污染指数平均值为1．111。研究成果为该区进一步的生态修复提供了科学依据。     

福州西湖沉积物磷形态垂向变化特征

采用化学连续提取法对福州西湖两个柱状沉积物样品中垂向不同形态磷进行分级提取分析.结果表明:1#样品表层沉积物总磷含量在830μg/g左右,垂向各层总磷呈“S”状分布;2#样品表层沉积物总磷含量在700μg/g左右,垂向各层总磷呈“7”状分布.两个柱状沉积物垂向各层均以无机磷为主,占总磷含量的80%~90%,其中铁磷含量远远高于铝磷和钙磷的含量,占总磷量的50%~60%.两个柱状沉积物垂向各层中闭蓄态磷含量很低,说明沉积物中自然来源的磷很少,主要以人为输入为主,垂向各层磷形态和含量的不同,反映了不同时期和不同程度的人为输入磷的污染.     

建立水体沉积物重金属质量基准的方法研究进展

利用20世纪90年代以来加拿大、美国佛罗里达、澳大利亚、新西兰、英国、荷兰及中国香港等国家和地区水体沉积物质量基准研究的最新资料，综述了建立水体沉积物重金属质量基准的方法研究新进展，重点介绍了目前国际上广泛采用的用于制定沉积物质量基准的两种方法-基于生物效应数据库的响应型阈值法(生物效应数据库法)和基于分配模型的相平衡分配法。     

汾河太原段河床沉积物中铬铜的升迁释放研究

通过静态吸附实验和动态模拟实验，研究了汾河太原段河床沉积物对重金属的吸附性能及其升迁释放规律。结果表明：（1）在河床沉积物中，铬铜的存在形态主要以难溶残余态存在，含量百分比分别为44.20%,53.06%；（2）在静态吸附实验中，河床沉积物对铬铜的吸附性能很强，且随pH的升高而略有增加，2h即可达到吸附平衡终点，pH=5时，残留量仅为[Cu^2 ]=4μg/g、[Cr^6 ]=11μg/g,随pH的升高和净度的增加而减小，但[Cr^6 ]、[Cu^2 ]升迁释放量很小，仅占总量的1.1%-0.9%和4.3%-1.9%；（3）河床沉积物中铬铜的升迁释放是一个缓慢的过程，释放量随pH的升高而减小。     

二元序列的翻转与对换排序

序列的翻转与对换的排序问题因在基因组比较中的应用而受到关注．考虑二元序列的翻转与对换的排序问题，分别给出了二元序列的翻转排序与对换排序的近似算法．     

东营凹陷沙三段-沙二下亚段T-R层序特征及成因

将东营凹陷古近系沙三段沙二下亚段划分为 3个三级层序 ,即沙三下层序 (SSⅠ )、沙三中层序 (SSⅡ )和沙三上沙二下层序 (SSⅢ )。SSⅠ和SSⅡ层序由湖进体系域和湖退体系域组成T R旋回 ,其特征是代表层序边界的不整合分布局限 ,湖进体系域厚度小 ,主要为细粒沉积物 ,退积式叠加 ;湖退体系域较厚 ,由进积式叠加的砂岩、砾岩和泥岩组成。T R层序的形成主要是由于层序形成早期的构造沉降和气候起主导作用 ,其基底快速沉降 ,湖水供应充分 ,湖平面快速上升。在层序形成晚期 ,沉积物供给和气候起主导作用 ,沉积物供给多 ,快速向前推进 ,湖平面下降。构造沉降和沉积物供给因素对层序控制作用的转换促使其形成层序和体系域的边界。T R层序与三分层序之间的转换是由于层序形成的不同阶段的主控因素不同而引起的