互花米草定植的养殖尾水处理人工湿地中古菌群落的组成与分布

为探究凡纳滨对虾养殖尾水处理过程中互花米草湿地的净化效果和沉积物古菌群落的组成与分布,基于16S rRNA基因的高通量测序技术,从沉积物环境因子、古菌群落结构和多样性、环境因子与古菌群落间的相互关系进行分析.结果表明:互花米草人工湿地深层沉积物的古菌群落多样性显著高于表层和根际沉积物;门水平上,互花米草人工湿地优势古菌为泉古菌门、广古菌门和奇古菌门;纲水平上,优势古菌为深古菌纲、甲烷微菌纲和热源体纲;目水平上,互花米草人工湿地中含3种氨氧化古菌和7种产甲烷古菌.非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)表明,互花米草根际沉积物与深层沉积物古菌群落差异显著(P<0.05),与表层更为相似.冗余分析(RDA)及Mantel检验表明,影响古菌群落的主要环境因子包括p H、铵氮(NH₄⁺-N)、总有机碳(TOC)和总磷(TP).相关性热图表明奇古菌门和其中的亚硝基菌纲与环境因子的相关性最强.氨氧化古菌群落与pH、NH₄⁺-N、总氮(TN)和TP呈显著相关(P<0.01),产甲烷古菌与环境因子则无显著相关性....     

New ion exchange membrane derived from sulfochlorated polyether sulfone for electrodialysis desalination of brackish water

The purpose of this work is to study the desalination of brackish water using a new ion exchange membrane, made from sulfochlorated polyethersulfone (Cl‐PES), and crosslinked using aminated polyethersulfone (NH2‐PES) as a crosslinking reagent. This membrane, named ClNH2 membrane, has been obtained by reaction between Cl‐PES with 1.3 SO₂Cl groups per monomer unit and 0.2 equivalent amount of NH2‐PES. ClNH2 membrane has been characterized in terms of contact angle, transport number, intrinsic conductivity, and water uptake (as a function of temperature). Electrodialysis performances of the newly synthetized membranes have been measured using an electrodialysis cell at a laboratory scale and compared to commercial membranes. All the experiments have been performed using synthetic brackish water solutions prepared from sodium chloride salts with different concentrations (varying from 0.5 to 5.0 g/L). The concentration of different water samples obtained has been found to be below the amount recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water.     

多沙水源取水泵站正向前池边壁型式及圆形进水池尺寸的确定

通过理论分析、模型试验和对现有多沙水源取水工程的调查,研究并给出了正向前池边壁的合理曲线型式和圆形进水池尺寸的确定方法。研究结果可应用于实际工程。     

有机物的相对分子质量对膜过滤通量的影响

研究有机物的相对分子质量对超滤膜过滤通量的影响．试验结果表明，水中相对分子质量大于30000的有机物是造成膜通量下降的主要因素．混凝处理能有效去除相对分子质量大于30000的有机物，提高过滤通量．相对分子质量在1000～10000的中性亲水性有机物，主要通过堵塞膜孔而造成膜通量缓慢下降．用混凝去除中性亲水性有机物的效果很差，防止或减缓膜污染的作用有限．     

蓄水两坝间长系列水动力及泥沙淤积的研究

对黄河上游龙羊峡至李家峡间的贵德-李家峡河段的蜿蜒河道进行了研究，为蓄水两坝间的通航和河床稳定性问题提供可行性分析依据．根据二维水流连续、运动方程、悬沙扩散方程和两相流底沙运动方程，采用加权集中质量剖分方法，建立了蓄水两坝间水动力、泥沙淤积数学模型．提出了泥沙交换和河床粗化计算模拟的物理图案，对长系列水动力和泥沙运动进行了模化处理．通过调试，验证了水尺水位和李家峡建坝前该河段4年的地形演变量．应用李家峡建坝后典型水文年长系列的组合资料，预报了河床经长期冲淤调整后迭到基本平衡需要的时间．介绍了泥沙交换和河床粗化计算模拟的物理图案和长系列河床演变数学模型的研究方法．     

杭州湾河口地区表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征及污染评价

对杭州湾河口地区南北岸及钱塘江杭州河段15个采样点的表层沉积物中重金属含量进行了测定.结果表明,Cu,Cr,Pb,Zn及Cd含量范围分别为17.0～48.6,24.4～44.1,23.0～55.8,186.8～324.4,0.07～0.60mg/kg.各元素平均含量排序为Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd.与国内外典型的河口和滨岸带比较,该地区Cu,Cr,Pb及Cd的平均含量处在相对较低的水平,但Zn的污染较为严重.重金属含量沿程分布特征呈现多峰值变化,表明原因较为复杂,受多种环境因素共同影响.地累积指数法及生态风险指数法对重金属污染程度评价结果一致,大多数采样点的Zn处于中度污染水平,Cd及Cu处于轻度污染,Pb及Cr处于轻度污染或较为清洁状态.重金属元素污染程度排序为Zn>Cd>Cu>Pb>Cr.生态风险评价结果表明该地区总体处于低度生态风险等级,其中Cu,Cr,Pb及Zn均为低生态风险等级,而Cd为中度或较重生态风险等级.生态危害程度的排序为Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr.     

Progradation of the Changjiang River delta since the mid-Holocene

Subaqueous deltaic deposits with approximately 30 radiocarbon ages show that the Changjiang River delta was strongly affected by tides and that the delta progradation rate after 2 kaBP was almost double the rate before 2 kaBP. This change in the progradation rate correlates well with the active extension of the subaerial delta plain shown by previous work. Widespread human activities, such as farming, deforestation, and dike construction, probably resulted in an increase in sediment discharge to the river-mouth area.     

The orbital scale evolution of regional climate recorded in a long sediment core from Heqing, China

Based on the analysis of carbonate content and loss on ignition for a long sediment core (737 m in length) drilled in Heqing, the orbital scale evolution of the Southwest Monsoon is revealed, by using overlapped spectral analysis and filter methods. It is shown that the obliquity cycle and precession cycle are the key factors for the Southwest Monsoon evolution and that the change of the global ice volume and the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau also impose great influences on it.     

W型永磁电机转矩脉动分析与抑制方法

针对永磁同步电机转矩脉动偏大时电机输出性能较差的问题,对W型永磁同步电机的转矩脉动进行详细分析并研究其抑制方法.首先利用等效磁路法与洛伦兹力定律,推导出电机转矩脉动解析式,基于解析式对W型磁极的位置参数进行优化,并利用有限元软件仿真验证;然后利用转子极面偏心的方法进一步削弱电机转矩脉动,并分析最优偏心距.研究表明,当W...     

高温平板滞止区内饱和水喷流沸腾传热最大热流密度

对高温平板滞止区内饱和水喷流冲击沸腾的临界热流密度进行了理论解析和实验研究。根据气液两相流稳定性理论得到了气泡层下最大液膜底层厚度，并由最大液膜底层厚度和液膜平均流速，建立了一个预示临界热流密度的半理论方程。方程系数由稳态实验数据拟合得到。研究结果证明，临界热流密度取决于滞止冲击速度和喷流直径，半理论半经验式能较好地预示实验结果。