A procedure for measuring the flexibility of single wood-pulp fibres

A way of determining the flexibility of wood-pulp fibres is developed, which involves i) a precise measurement of the topology of single-fibres by using a confocal laser scanning microscope and ii) the measurement of the elastic modulus of the fibres by using a single-fibre fatigue cell. Reported in this paper are the initial results of tests carried out on black spruce fibres, which have been subjected to three different levels of mechanical refining energy, namely ∼1100, 2300, and 3500 kWh/t. It is found that the fibre flexibility rises significantly between the first and second energy levels, but it does not change to the same degree between the second and third ones. The described procedure of measuring the flexibility of fibres may be used to establish the appropriate refiner energy necessary for the production of a specific grade of paper. Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 115–128, January–February, 2006.     

二阶非线性微分方程解的振动性与渐近性

讨论了一类二阶非线性微分方程解的振动性与渐近性,得到了该方程有界解的振动性与渐近性的新的充分条件,改进并推广了已有的结果。     

代数基本定理的另一证明

在复变函数论中,用了两种不同的方法证明了代数基本定理。文章从另一种角度:用映射的观点证明该定理。     

基础解系的一种算法

文章用矩阵理论得出几个新结论,从而应用新结论得出基础解系的一种算法.     

Average speaking fundamental frequency in soprano singers with and without symptoms of vocal attrition

Nineteen trained soprano singers aged 18–30 years vocalized tasks designed to assess average speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) during spontaneous speaking and reading. Vocal range and perceptual characteristics while singing with low intensity and high frequency were also assessed, and subjects completed a survey of vocal habits/symptoms. Recorded signals were digitized prior to being analyzed for SFF using the Kay Computerized Speech Lab program. Subjects were assigned to a normal voice or impaired voice group based on ratings of perceptual tasks and survey results. Data analysis showed group differences in mean SFF, no differences in vocal range, higher mean SFF values for reading than speaking, and 58% ability to perceive speaking in low pitch. The role of speaking in too low pitch as causal for vocal symptoms and need for voice classification differentiation in vocal performance studies are discussed.     

Second-order necessary optimality conditions for domain optimization problems of the Neumann type

In this paper, we treat a domain optimization problem in which the boundary-value problem is a Neumann problem. In the case where the domain is in a three-dimensional Euclidean space, the first-order and the second-order necessary conditions which the optimal domain must satisfy are derived under a constraint which is the generalization of the requisite of constant volume.Portions of this paper were presented at the 13th IFIP Conference on System Modelling and Optimization, Tokyo, Japan, 1987.     

The upper and lower second order directional derivatives of a sup-type function

The purpose of this paper is to give a formula for expressing the second order directional derivatives of the sup-type functionS(x) = sup{f(x, t); t T} in terms of the first and second derivatives off(x, t), whereT is a compact set in a metric space and we assume thatf, f/x and ² f/x ² are continuous on ⁿ × T. We will give a geometrical meaning of the formula. We will moreover give a sufficient condition forS(x) to be directionally twice differentiable.     

One-dimensional harmonic lattice caricature of hydrodynamics: Second approximation

The long-time behavior of an infinite chain of coupled harmonic oscillators is studied. In addition to a limiting hydrodynamic (Euler-type) equation, the next approximation is investigated. The corresponding equation is derived.     

超高真空中银表面垂直谐波电流的实验测量

在超高真空的条件下,测量了清洁、自由银表面产生的光学二次谐波随基波电矢量与入射面之间夹角(?)的变化,从而通过理论公式,求得由Rudnick和Stern引入的,用于衡量垂直面电流密度的唯象参数a的值,在入射基频光波长为1.064μm时,被测定为-4.0±0.8.     

Zur Theorie der Chiralitätsfunktionen

The Algebraic Theory of Chirality Functions is derived by means of exclusively qualitative considerations. Hence, the significance of quantitative results is questionable. Moreover the construction of “Näherungsansätze” (”Approximation-Ansatz”), which may be interpreted as semiempirical methods, is achieved on the basis of plausibility and mathematical simplicity. Since physical arguments are not included, the consistency or inconsistency of “Näherungsansätze” with experimental results do not justify direct physical conclusions.