Formation and biocorrosion behavior of Zr-Al-Co-Nb bulk metallic glasses

Ni-and Cu-free Zr-Al-Co-Nb glassy alloys with different Nb and Co contents were synthesized by melt spinning and copper mold casting.The effects of Nb addition to partially replace Co in the Zr55Al20Co25 glassy alloy on the glass-forming ability,thermal properties,in-vitro biocorrosion behavior and surface wettability of the metallic glasses were investigated.Although addition of Nb up to 5 at.% slightly decreased the supercooled liquid region and the glass-forming ability(GFA),the alloys could be casted in a bulk glassy rod form with diameters up to 3mm.The Zr-Al-Co-Nb glassy alloys were spontaneously passivated with low passive current densities in phosphate buffered saline and Hanks’ solution.Substitution of "toxic" Co by Nb is effective in improved the corrosion resistance of the Zr-Al-Co glassy alloy.Water contact angle measurements showed that Nb addition increased the hydrophilicity of the glassy alloys,which may enhance cell adhesion of the alloys in biomedical applications.     

热管空气预热器改造设计,制造及使用分析

通过在含尘烟气流环境下工作特性的分析,指出发展锅炉热管空气预热器研究的意义。在热管研制中探索了解决工质－管材相容性问题的综合措施及动态蒸汽钝化方法;探讨了热管传热性能的分析计算。换热器的整体设计以传热负荷和允许阻力为目标函数进行各种方案的优化选择。     

Cupric ion release and cytotoxicity for Yuangong Cu-IUDs and the release behavior of indomethacin for medicated 220 Cu-IUD

These years Yuangong copper-bearing intrauterine devices （Cu-IUDs） have been used because of less side effects in use. The corrosion of copper is essential to the success of contraception, and the release behavior of indomethacin from medicated Cu-IUD is related to its therapeutic effect. In this study, analytical methods were established to investigate the release behavior of cupric ion of three kinds of Yuangong Cu-IUDs and indomethacin of medicated Yuangong 220 Cu-IUD. Cu-IUDs were incubated in simulated uterine solution （SUS）. The concentrations of cupric ion and indomethacin were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometer （FAAS） for 60 days and UV/vis -3310 spectrophotometer for 60 days, respectively. The morphology of copper after corrosion was characterized by SEM. In addition, we detected cytotoxicity by MTT of L929 mouse fibroblasts cells caused by extracts of the three Yuangong Cu-IUDs. The release behavior of cupric ion for three kinds of Yuangong Cu-IUDs was biphasic, which consisted of the initial burst release and then slow and constant release. In vitro release experiment confirmed a biphasic release of indomethacin from Yuangong 220. The copper wire of Yuangong Cu-IUDs showed uneven corrosion. The RGR value of Yuangong 365 Cu-IUD was smaller than that of medicated Yuangong 220 Cu-IUD and RGR value of medicated Yuangong 220 Cu-IUD was smaller than that of Yuangong 300 Cu-IUD. The cupric ion release and indomethacin release showed biphasic. Indomethacin increased the cupric ion release rate and might diminish the adverse effects caused by burst release of cupric ion. The toxicity grade of these three Yuangong Cu-IUDs was 4. We should canvass the adverse events of Cu-lUDs based on practical experiments, and try our best to reduce the toxicity of Cu-lUDs.     

海水淡化剂的制备及其脱盐效果的研究

采用水热合成和微波合成方法,对海水淡化剂的合成条件和脱盐效果进行了研究,合成四种不同载体淡化剂。实验结果表明：它们对海水中金属阳离子和卤素及其它阴离子具有较强沉淀能力;4A,3A型载体淡化剂性能最佳;淡化剂用量与海水体积比为1：4时,淡化反应时间25min淡化水可达到饮用水标准;微波能大幅度提高反应速度。     

不同生物炭进入土壤后对304不锈钢腐蚀的影响

生物炭在土壤应用过程,不可避免地会对与土壤之间接触的机械设备部分产生腐蚀作用。为探究生物炭应用于农业生产中对机械设备以及金属工具损耗的影响,采用分别在700、400和100℃温度下裂解制备的小麦秸秆生物炭(WB)、水稻秸秆生物炭(RB)和松木生物炭(PB)的生物炭对304不锈钢板材进行腐蚀处理,并测量其极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱和腐蚀表现。结果表明:与空白组(CK)对比,相较于304不锈钢的腐蚀速率,在施入WB的土壤中,腐蚀速率会随着WB裂解温度的增大而增大;而加入RB的土壤会加剧不锈钢的腐蚀,其中在加入400℃RB的土壤中腐蚀速率达到最大;这是因为WB和RB的加入会提升土壤中的Cl~-含量至足以达到点蚀效应的程度加速了不锈钢板材的腐蚀。与此同时,发现100℃制备的PB生物炭可以抑制不锈钢的腐蚀。总而言之,不同生物质和制备温度的生物炭在土壤实际应用中表现出不同的腐蚀和抗腐蚀特性,因此深入研究这些方面将为其农业应用具有深远影响。     

晶粒尺寸对含铜锡中铬铁素体不锈钢耐蚀性的影响

以含低熔点元素Cu和Sn的超纯165%(质量分数)Cr铁素体不锈钢为实验材料,通过在35℃恒温6%(质量分数)FeCl3溶液中对实验钢进行浸泡腐蚀实验,并采用三电极体系测定实验钢的极化曲线,初步研究了晶粒尺寸对这种铁素体不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响.实验中,采用经典的失重法计算腐蚀速率,利用动电位扫描法测绘极化曲线,以进一步探究实验钢的腐蚀过程.研究表明,这种铁素体不锈钢的点蚀电位值随晶粒尺寸增大而大幅提高.浸泡腐蚀实验结果证实,存在一个相对合理的晶粒尺寸范围,晶粒尺寸过小或过大都不利于提高耐蚀性能.     

纳米高岭土改性混凝土与钢筋的黏结性能

为考察纳米高岭土对混凝土与钢筋间黏结性能的影响,利用电流加速腐蚀试验方法,研究了不同腐蚀时间下钢筋锈蚀率与纳米高岭土掺量的关系,分析了纳米高岭土改性混凝土与钢筋之间的黏结滑移关系及黏结强度的变化情况.研究结果表明:纳米高岭土改善了钢筋与混凝土间的黏结性能,降低了混凝土试件的刚度,纳米高岭土掺量为3%的混凝土试件与钢筋间的黏结强度较普通混凝土试件提高约56.55%;混凝土中内掺纳米高岭土能够延缓钢筋锈蚀,纳米高岭土掺量为5%的混凝土试件在腐蚀36 h后,钢筋锈蚀率较普通混凝土试件降低约52%;腐蚀48 h后,纳米高岭土掺量为3%的混凝土试件与钢筋间的黏结强度约为普通混凝土试件的2.16倍.     

盐渍侵蚀下高模量沥青及其混合料性能研究

为研究盐渍侵蚀下高模量沥青及其混合料的性能,将高模量试件在不同浓度的人工海水中浸泡不同的时间。通过软化点、开裂温度和车辙因子3个指标来评价盐渍侵蚀对高模量沥青性能的影响,通过车辙试验和马歇尔稳定度试验评价盐渍侵蚀对混合料的影响。结果表明,盐分条件的存在,较明显地增加了高模量沥青胶结料的软化点值,人工海水的存在并没有对高模量沥青的高温性能造成较大的影响。随着人工海水溶液浓度的升高,高模量沥青的开裂温度不断下降,在低温且有盐渍侵蚀下的地区,高模量沥青的使用需要更加谨慎。在5%溶液浓度浸泡14 d下,高模量沥青60℃和76℃下的车辙因子仍能达到高模量沥青的性能要求。随着溶液浓度的增加,沥青混合料的马歇尔稳定度显著减小,人工海水溶液浓度的增加会减弱沥青混合料的高温性能和基本物理性能,但高模量沥青混合料的性能减弱的幅度较小,在盐渍侵蚀下表现出较优越的性能。     

固溶处理温度对2507双相不锈钢组织结构及耐蚀性能的影响

【目的】现代工业的飞速发展对双相不锈钢的使用要求越来越高,为扩大2507双相不锈钢(DSS2507)的实际应用,本研究探讨固溶处理温度对DSS2507组织结构、硬度及耐蚀性能的影响。【方法】通过定量金相法及硬度法研究固溶处理温度对DSS2507显微组织结构以及硬度的影响;通过电化学实验分析固溶处理温度对DSS2507抗腐蚀能力的影响。【结果】随着固溶处理温度的上升,铁素体α相含量增多而奥氏体γ相含量减少,固溶处理温度为1 050~1 100℃时可使钢中铁素体相跟奥氏体相的比例达到1∶1。固溶处理温度为1 000~1 050℃时DSS2507的硬度降低;但固溶处理温度从1 050℃升高到1 200℃时,其硬度又逐渐升高。另外,随着固溶处理温度从1 000℃升高到1 200℃,DSS2507的耐均匀腐蚀和点蚀性能先增强后减弱,1 050℃处理的DSS2507抗电化学腐蚀性能最优。【结论】固溶处理温度为1 050~1 100℃时可以使DSS2507两相比例达到1∶1,经1 050℃固溶处理的DSS2507抗电化学腐蚀性能最优。     

钢筋表面微区电位分布的原位测量

应用自行研制的扫描微参比电极联机测量系统,原位测量了钢筋在模拟混凝土孔隙液中表面微区电位分布.结果表明,钢筋在纯饱和Ca(OH)2溶液中处于钝态.当溶液的pH降低和外加Cl-时,钢筋表面微区电位分布即发生变化,电位差变大,钢筋表面随之发生点腐蚀.