传统学术研究方法的近代转型--兼及严复对传统学术研究方法近代转型的贡献

19～20世纪之交,中国传统学术研究方法面临着极大挑战;当时的思想家表现出了较积极的态度：吸纳西学方法并推动了中国学术研究方法的近代转型;传统学术研究方法的近代转型主要表现在：研究内容由“虚”到“实”的转变、研究程序由臆测到实证的转变、研究品格由依附到独立的转变等。严复在这一重大学术事件中扮演了重要角色。     

Effect of spermine and DNase on DNA release from bacteriophage T5

Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) consist of nucleic acid protected by a protein envelope called capsid. At the start of infection, the phage genome is translocated into the bacterial cytoplasm. In vitro (and also in vivo), this DNA release can be triggered by binding a specific receptor protein to the phage tail. The force responsible for the release arises from energy stored in the capsid due to strong confinement of the DNA. We show that this force can be modified by adding molecules like spermine that affect DNA conformation. The tetravalent cation spermine can reduce the pressure inside the capsid and induce condensation of the released DNA. We examine the effect of spermine on DNA ejection from phage T5 by using light scattering and gel electrophoresis to measure the amount of DNA remaining in the capsid at the end of ejection. We discuss the results in terms of free energy minimization and we demonstrate that the presence of a DNA condensate outside the phage generates an additional force pulling passively on the DNA remaining inside the capsid.     

Does a Reinforced Kinetic Macrocyclic Effect Exist? The Demetallation in Strong Acid of Copper(II) Complexes with Open and Cyclic Tetramines Containing a Piperazine Fragment

The demetallation in acidic solution of the Cu(II) complexes with open-chain and cyclic tetramines containing a piperazine unit (2 and 3) has been investigated in terms of its kinetic aspects and compared with the behaviour of unsubstituted counterparts (tetramines 1 and 4). The presence of the piperazine fragment slows demetallation of the open-chain-ligand complex owing to the activation barrier associated with the conformational change from boat-to-half-boat; however, it does not affect the demetallation of the macrocyclic complex, which involves the spontaneous boat-to-twist conformational change. Thus, lateral reinforcement of a cyclam-like ligand does not add any further contribution to the typical inertness in demetallation of macrocyclic complexes.     

全球化条件下的大学生价值观教育

全球条件下大学生价值观嬗变已是不争的事实。从大学生价值观由一元向多元价值取向的嬗变,化价值观嬗变,计划经济向市场经济价值观的嬗变三个方面论述变化的情况。有针对性地提出了建构新的价值观教育体系以应对价值观的嬗变。从继承中华民族讲诚信,以人为本,维护民族尊严,维护国格、人格,“天人合一”的优良价值传统,摒弃不正当竞争,只见物不见人,“全盘西化”,污染破坏环境的错误价值取向等方面提出了建构科学价值观的思考和对策。     

深圳福田红树林区浮游藻类时空分布的研究

在2005年11月（秋）、2006年1月（冬）、2006年4月（春）,分别对深圳福田红树林保护区5个水质监测站的浮游藻类进行采样研究.共鉴定到浮游藻类5门27属52种（含1变种和9未知种）,密度在1.2×10^6～8.8×10^6个/L之间,平均密度为4.9×10^6个/L.硅藻门种类最多,有17属35种（含未知7种）,占总种类数的67.3%,而且密度最大,高达8.7×10^6个/L;最少为隐藻门的种类,尚未发现甲藻门的种类.耐污染特征的种类如极微小环藻（Cyclotella caspia）、颤藻（Oscillatoriaspp.）和小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）是藻类群落的主要成分.各站分布的藻类群落组成季节差异明显,而种类数和密度并没有明显的季节变化.各站的优势种和优势类群存在时空差异.评价各站水质,反映出该红树林区水体处在中营养至富营养化状态.     

Pollen-recorded climate changes between 13.0 and 7.0 ^14C ka BP in southern Ningxia, China

A pollen record from Haiyuan section in the southern part of Ningxia revealed a detailed history of vegetation variation and associated climate changes during the period from~13.0 to~7.0 14 C ka BP.A steppe landscape under a moderately dry(and probably cool)condition(~12.7-~12.1 14 C ka BP)was replaced by a coniferous forest dominating the landscape under a generally wet climate from~12.1 to ~11.01 4C ka BP.This generally wet period,corresponding to the European B?lling/All?rod period,can be divided into three stages:a cool and wet stage between~12.1 and~11.4 14 C ka BP,a mild and rela- tively dry stage between~11.4 and~11.2 14 C ka BP,and a mild and wet stage between~11.2 and~11.0 14 C ka BP.The coniferous forest-dominated landscape was then deteriorated into steppe landscape (~11.0-~10.6 14 C ka BP)and further into a desert steppe landscape from~10.6 to~9.8 14 C ka BP,being correspondent to the European Younger Dryas period.After a brief episode of a cool and wet climate (~9.8-~9.6 14 C ka BP),a relatively mild and dry condition prevailed during the early Holocene(~9.6- ~7.6 14 C ka BP)and then a warm and humid climate started the mid-Holocene(~7.6-~7.2 14 C ka BP).     

西藏岁时节日民俗概述

岁时节日民俗,主要指与天时、物候的周期转换相适应,在人们的生活中形成不同的民俗事象传承。西藏的岁时节日民俗丰富多彩、形式多种多样,不仅反映出我们的祖先对自然及其变化规律的认识和把握,同时也从包罗万象的节俗活动显示出雪域高原各个历史时期的文明发展水平。文章通过对西藏岁时节日民俗的由来、节日的分类、节俗产生的内动力、节日的发展演变规律的释析,探讨西藏节日习俗的文化现象。     

Characterizing abrupt changes in the stock prices using a wavelet decomposition method

Abrupt changes in the stock prices, either upwards or downwards, are usually preceded by an oscillatory behavior with frequencies that tend to increase as the moment of transition becomes closer. The wavelet decomposition methods may be useful for analysis of this oscillations with varying frequencies, because they provide simultaneous information on the frequency (scale) and localization in time (translation). However, in order to use the wavelet decomposition, certain requirements have to be satisfied, so that the linear and cyclic trends are eliminated by standard least squares techniques. The coefficients obtained by the wavelet decomposition can be represented in a graphical form. A threshold can then be established to characterize the likelihood of a short-time abrupt change in the stock prices. Actual data from the São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo) were used in this work to illustrate the proposed method.     

近代中国社会转型与女性社会角色的变迁

中国近代社会的转型，使原有社会的政治、经济、文化结构发生了深刻的变化，以传统角色为中心的角色文化受到冲击。为近代女性社会角色的变迁提供了契机，同时，女性社会角色的转变也推动了近代中国社会的发展。     

内蒙古荒漠草原土壤微生物的分布特征及季节动态变化研究

研究了内蒙古荒漠草原土壤中主要微生物类群的数量随季节变化的规律，以及土壤中微生物的垂直分布特征．结果表明，土壤中3大类群微生物的数量关系为细菌〉放线菌〉真菌，各类群微生物的垂直分布均为0～10cm层多于10-20cm层．细菌、真菌、自生固氮菌以及微生物总数量的峰值出现在春季，而放线菌数量的峰值出现在秋季．