天幕靶基级放大电路的噪声模型研究

通过对单电阻I／V转换和T型网络两种典型的基级电路的分析，提出了光电二极管阵列与这两种电路相结合的噪声模型，仿真分析了输入电阻热噪声和运算放大器输入噪声双重作用下的输出噪声水平．经比较，T型网络输出信号的信噪比要比单电阻的I／V转换电路高6dB．实验结果证明，T型网络的误差主要由并联电阻个数决定，所以减小每个与T型网络相连的光电二极管数量，可以大幅度提高系统的信噪比。     

双色8×8点阵LED的动态显示

双色8×8点阵LED矩阵发光屏采用逐行扫描方式驱动,以8031单片机为核心,MAX7219作为行、列驱动器,完成了双色8×8点阵LED矩阵发光屏驱动板设计与制作,实现了LED显示器件的动态驱动。通过对驱动波形的测试与分析,加深了学生对显示像素4种状态（全选点,行、列半选点和非选点）的理解。通过对该实验系统功能的扩展,可以强化学生平板显示器件驱动技术方面的训练。     

基于微机的边界扫描测试主控系统的设计

分析了边界扫描测试技术的工作机制对测试主控系统的功能需求，提出了一种基于微机PCI总线的低成本边界扫描测试主控系统的硬件设计方案，该系统以PC机为平台，以用CPLD器件实现的JTAG主控器生成满足IEEE1149．1协议的边界扫描测试信号，并用普通的SRAM实现存存器共享，仿真表明，该系统产生的测试信号完全满足IEEE1149．1协议的时序要求，可用于IC和PCB的边界扫描测试，以及改进边界扫描测试的研究和实验。     

大昭寺三维数字化应用初探

阐述了三维激光扫描技术在西藏壁画保护中的应用,探索三维激光扫描技术在文物保护中应用前景．系统地介绍了激光扫描仪数字化文物的工作流程．文章在最后提出了对文物保护进行动态仿真模拟的设想,以期动态观察和预测在未来的情况下,大昭寺壁画病害的演化趋势,为今后的文物保护工作提供更加科学的决策依据．     

塔里木盆地柯坪周缘地区肖尔布拉克组白云岩孔隙结构全孔径表征

白云岩全孔径的孔隙结构特征难以在单一实验手段分析中得到表达,高压压汞实验和微米电子计算机断层扫描(computed tomography, CT)实验在表征低渗透碳酸盐岩储层的微观孔隙结构时存在局限性。为了解决这一问题,更加精细地刻画孔喉分布特征,以塔里木盆地柯坪周缘地区露头肖尔布拉克组白云岩储层为例,提出了多方法协同表征多尺度孔径孔喉结构的方法。采用传统拼接方法,联合高压压汞和微米CT实验结果,通过相同孔径条件下流过孔隙结构的流体体积变化相等的拼接原理确定不同岩性样品的拼接点位置,进而确定完整孔隙大小。由于分形维数是定量表征孔隙结构的重要参数,根据碳酸盐岩孔隙结构的多重分形特征,提出分形拼接的方法,分析分形维数相近、孔隙结构相似的孔径尺度。结果显示：结合传统拼接的融合点验证分形拼接的有效性,岩心样品的全孔径传统融合点均处于分形拼接段范围内,多尺度孔径表征范围扩大0.015～1 417.128μm;分形拼接后亦可得到总分形维数表征多尺度孔径整体的孔隙结构特征。     

最佳视角3-D激光扫描路径的自动确定方法

在3-D激光自动扫描测量中,传感器测量视角的选择直接影响测量数据的完整性和准确性。该文提出了背影轮廓法和凸包法相结合的最佳视角确定方法。利用背光板得到不同角度被测物的背影轮廓图像,根据背影轮廓法得到被测物体的粗略表面数据。以表面数据的凸包多边形作为线结构光传感器的扫描路径,改变传感器的测量视角,完成对被测物的自动扫描。实验结果表明:该方法适用于复杂外形表面的扫描,能够得到完整准确的表面3-D数据。     

虚拟仪器B型超声诊断仪的硬件系统设计

提出了虚拟仪器B型超声波诊断仪的概念和体系结构,介绍了虚拟仪器结构的B型超声波诊断仪的硬件系统设计与实现.着重介绍了仪器硬件的一些关键电路设计,以及提高仪器性能的途径和方法.     

Fast analysis of triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum spores by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

A rapid and reliable method was established for simultaneous determination of main triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum spores using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC‐TQ‐MS). The established method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy and stability, and was successfully applied to determine the contents of 10 main triterpenoids in different batches of G. lucidum spores. The analysis results showed that moderate levels of triterpenoids were found in G. lucidum spores. In addition, a MS full scan with a daughter ion scan experiment was performed to identify the potential derivatives of triterpenoids present in G. lucidum spores. As a result, a total of 22 triterpenoids from different G. lucidum spores were unequivocally or tentatively identified via comparisons with authentic standards and literatures. This method provides both qualitative and quantitative results without the need for repetitive UPLC‐MS analyses, thereby increasing efficiency and productivity, making it suitable for high‐throughput applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Determination Of Sub Part-Per-Billion Levels Of Volatile Organic Compounds In Air By Pre-Concentration From Small Sample Volumes

Abstract

Trace level Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in ambient air are normally determined according to EPA Method TO-14. This method describes the analysis in ambient air of 41 VOCs, ranging in boiling point from -29 to 215°C. It covers a concentration range from 0.2 to 20 parts per billion, volume/volume (ppb), and specifies sample enrichment of a 400 mL air sample on glass beads at -160°C. While this sample volume provides sub-ppb levels of VOC detection for target analytes when using a quadrupole mass spectrometer detector in SIM mode or when using GC detectors, the identification of non-target analytes may only be done in full scan mode for higher concentrations. Also with this sample volume a Nafion dryer is needed for water removal thereby lowering the recovery of polar VOCs.

Because of the very high sensitivity of the ion trap MS, relatively small air volumes (60 mL) are adequate to obtain the required or lower detection levels. An integrated air analysis system based on a GC-ion-trap MS has been investigated and is described. This system has a built-in cryogenic trap and necessary valving, internal standard gas sampling loop, and is controlled from the GC-MS workstation. The linearity, precision, and method detection levels obtainable with this system when using small volumes are reported. In addition, examples of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of ambient air samples are shown.     

A novel liquid chromatography Orbitrap mass spectrometry method with full scan for simultaneous determination of multiple bioactive constituents of Shenkang injection in rat tissues: Application to tissue distribution and pharmacokinetic studies

Shenkang injection is a traditional Chinese formula with good curative effect on chronic renal failure. In this paper, a novel, rapid and sensitive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap high‐resolution accurate mass spectrometry was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of seven bioactive constituents of Shenkang injection in rat plasma and tissues after intravenous administration. Acetonitrile was used as a protein precipitation agent in biological samples disposal with carbamazepine as internal standard. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a C₁₈ column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid). The MS analysis was performed in the full‐scan positive and negative ion mode. The lower limits of quantification for the seven analytes in rat plasma and tissues were 0.1–10 ng/mL. The validated method was successfully applied to tissue distribution and pharmacokinetic studies of Shenkang injection after intravenous administration. The results of the tissue distribution study showed that the high concentrations of seven constituents were primarily in the kidney tract. This is the first report of the application of Q‐Orbitrap with full‐scan mass spectrometry in tissue distribution and pharmacokinetic studies of Shenkang injection.