Synthetic and biological studies on a cyclopolypeptide of plant origin

Objective： A natural cyclic peptide previously isolated from Citrus medica was synthesized by coupling of tetrapeptide units Boc-Leu-Pro-Trp-Leu-OMe and Boc-Ile-Ala-Ala-Gly-OMe after proper deprotection at carboxyl and amino terminals followed by cyclization of linear octapeptide segment. Methods： Solution phase technique was adopted for the synthesis of cyclooctapeptide-sarcodactylamide. Required tetrapeptide units were prepared by coupling of Boc-protected dipeptides viz. Boc-Leu-Pro-OH and Boc-Ile-Ala-OH with respective dipeptide methyl esters Trp-Leu-OMe and Ala-Gly-OMe. Cyclization of linear octapeptide unit was done by p-nitrophenyl ester method. The structure of synthesized cyclopolypeptide was elucidated by FTIR, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR, FABMS spectral data and elemental analysis. The newly synthesized peptide was evaluated for dif- ferent pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities. Results： Synthesis of sarcodactylamide was accomplished with 〉78% yield utilizing dicyclohexylcarbodiimide （DCC） as coupling agent. Newly synthesized peptide possessed potent cytotoxic activity against Dalton＇s lymphoma ascites （DLA） and Ehrlich＇s ascites carcinoma （EAC） cell lines, in addition to moderate anthelmintic activity against earthworms Megascoplex konkanensis, Pontoscotex corethruses and Eudrilus sp. Moreover, cyclopolypeptide displayed good antimicrobial activity against pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in comparison to standard drugs griseofulvin and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion： Solution phase technique employing DCC and triethylamine （TEA） as base proved to be effective for the synthesis of natural cyclooctapeptide. N-methyl morpholine （NMM） was found to be a better base for the cyclization of linear octapeptide unit in comparison to TEA and pyridine.     

大花栀子花芽生理分化期内源激素和碳氮比的动态变化

用摘叶法判定大花栀子的花芽生理分化期分为成花诱导期和花芽孕育期.跟踪测定了大花栀子花芽生理分化期内源激素和碳氮比的动态变化,结果表明,成花诱导期ZR(玉米素核苷)/GA(赤霉素)出现高峰值;花芽孕育期ZR/GA急剧下降,碳氮比急剧升高,在花芽孕育期未出现一个高峰值.成花诱导期和花芽孕育期由不同的机理调控,内源激素平衡对成花诱导起调控作用,在花芽孕育过程中碳氮比起主要的作用.     

静止无功补偿器的智能自适应PID控制器设计

将神经网络和模糊控制与有着广泛应用ＰＩＤ控制相结合,设计了一种静止无功补偿器的智能自适应ＰＩＤ控制器。利用神经网络实现系统模型辨识,采用模糊逻辑和神经网络相结合对ＰＩＤ控制器参数动态寻优。使ＳＶＣ的控制既具有模糊控制的简单,有效的非线性控制作用,又具有神经网络的自学习,自适应能力。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)感染菜青虫(Pieris rapae)幼虫的组织病理研究

本文从大体观察、显微观察和超微结构等方面对感染苏云金芽孢杆菌后的菜青虫幼虫进行了组织病理学研究。菜青虫在摄入苏云金芽孢杆菌后立即停食,30分钟后就在中肠上皮细胞中发现线粒体的脊内空间扩大、粗面内质网局部膨胀,微绒毛开始膨大并部分溶解。感染后1—2小时可见中肠上皮细胞靠近微绒毛一方出现较大的空泡,线粒体的空间进一步扩大,内质网的网膜慢慢分离。到第4小时,中肠上皮细胞的病变加剧,显微镜下看到细胞开始解体,电镜观察到线粒体开始破裂,内质网膜糊断裂。以后细胞迅速解体,到第8小时仅存基底膜,但其它组织基本完整。第10小时以后,观察到基底膜开始破裂,细菌进人血腔.脂肪体肌肉等组织均遭破坏,此时幼虫中部渐渐变黑,下痢并开始死亡。     

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Evaluation and Chemical Investigation of Rosa gallica var. aegyptiaca Leaf Extracts

Rosa gallica var. aegyptiaca is a species of flowering plant belonging to the Rosaceae family that plays an important role as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of specific types of cancer, microbial infections, and diabetes mellitus. This work presents the first report on the evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential along with the phytochemical analysis of Rosa gallica var. aegyptiaca leaves. Five leaf extracts of hexane, chloroform, methanol, hydromethanol 80%, and water were prepared. Assessment of antioxidant activity was carried out via DPPH radical scavenging assay. Antimicrobial activity against five foodborne pathogenic bacteria—including Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enteritidis—and the fungus Candida albicans, was examined using the disc diffusion method. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Isolation, identification, and quantification of phenolic compounds were performed using HPLC-DAD analysis. Amongst the five leaf extracts that were investigated, hydromethanol 80% extract possessed the highest extraction yield, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and antimicrobial activity against all tested microbial strains. Moreover, this extract furnished six active phenolic compounds: gallic acid (1), (+) catechin (2), chlorogenic acid (3), (–) epicatechin (4), quercetin-3-O-α-d-(glucopyranoside) (5), and quercetin (6). This study provides an alternative utilization of R. gallica var. aegyptiaca leaves as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials in the food and pharmaceutical industries.     

自然降温过程中南方红豆杉叶片水分、渗透调节物质的动态变化与低温半致死温度的关系

研究了南方红豆杉叶片低温半致死温度与水分和渗透调节物质随气温下降的变化。结果表明，低温半致死温度降低的同时，叶片饱和含水量、自由水和淀粉含量下降，束缚水、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸 含量增加。这些物质的适应性变化导致低温半致死温度的下降是抗寒性提高的生理基础。     

不同水分条件下几种藤本植物幼苗的生理生化响应

采用人工模拟水分胁迫的方法,研究了安顺缫丝花、黄褐毛忍冬、葛藤3种藤本植物在不同水分胁迫条件下的生理生化响应.结果表明:在不同的水分条件下,3种藤本幼苗的叶片水分饱和亏缺、相对含水量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及叶片质膜透性的变化趋势一致,表现为随着土壤相对含水量的降低,水分饱和亏缺和质膜透性升高、相对含水量降低、...     

秦岭南坡油松和锐齿栎群落凋落叶碳释放及其与分解的关系

利用野外分解袋法分别对秦岭南坡油松和锐齿栎群落内凋落叶进行了为期24个月的分解试验.研究了凋落叶C释放过程及其与凋落叶分解过程中N、P释放和C/N、C/P比值变化的关系.研究结果表明:(1)油松群落凋落层(11265.58kg/hm2)C密度显著大于锐齿栎群落凋落层C密度(3047.31kg/hm2)(P<0.01),达到了3.7倍;(2)在凋落叶分解初期,2个群落凋落叶中碳含量均呈现先增加后下降的趋势,锐齿栎凋落叶C释放速率大于油松凋落叶C释放速率(P<0.01);(3)在两种群落类型凋落叶分解过程中,碳剩余百分率随时间变化规律符合Olson分解指数模型(R>0.81);(4)凋落叶C剩余百分率与凋落叶和N、P剩余百分率之间具有显著的二项式回归关系(锐齿栎凋落叶P剩余百分率除外),与凋落叶C/N、C/P呈显著的线性相关关系.凋落叶的C释放对凋落叶分解速率、养分元素的释放以及整个森林生态系统的物质循环过程产生显著的影响.     

电力系统故障时静止无功发生器的运行分析

静止无功发生器 (ASVG)在电力系统投运之后 ,为了协调装置自身安全及其对系统贡献二者之间的关系 ,必须深入研究系统在故障情况下对 ASVG的影响。用对称分量法给出了电力系统故障期间 ASVG的等效电路。对电路中的主要参数进行了分析。在理论分析的基础上 ,指出了在对称调制方式下 ,通过控制器可以调节流过装置的正序电流以及直流侧电容电压的直流分量 ,而流过装置的负序和零序电流以及直流侧电压的交流分量和装置主电路的参数及其变压器与系统的连接方式有关。     

ASVG自适应控制模型及其暂态仿真研究

提出了一种新型静止无功发生器自适应控制器用于抑制发电机功角振荡,该控制器采用最小方差控制策略、运用一种较为简单的参数预估器得到ＡＳＶＧ脉冲宽度控制角,以改变ＡＳＶ交流侧电压值,从而给系统提供无功补偿,根据系统工况,控制器参数由自适应规律自动调整。仿真结果表明,该控制方法可以有效地改善电力系统的暂态稳定性和电压稳定性。