微槽道内气体流动特性的实验研究

搭建了微槽道的单相实验台,分析了氮气在不同深／宽比、长径比及水力直径的微槽道中流动特性。层流区的摩擦常数与理论预测值吻合较好（除L=20mm工况）,层流到湍流的转捩均有不同程度的提前（转捩Re数在1000左右）;在湍流区,槽道的长径比变小、相对粗糙度的增大（或水力直径的减小）及长度的减小可使流动阻力增大;拟合出了湍流区...     

对欧姆表测量误差的进一步讨论

从分析姆表测量的全过程出发,导出了电阻测量不确定度的估计公式。     

热流计校准装置自适应温度控制方法研究

以热流计校准装置为研究对象,建立了热板温度仿真模型。根据模糊控制原理和BP神经网络原理,分别设计了模糊PID控制器和BP神经网络PID控制器,并在Matlab的Simulink下进行了不同控制方法的仿真对比实验。仿真结果表明:模糊PID有更快的响应速度、更短的稳定时间,BP神经网络PID有更小的超调量。     

基于机器视觉的表面粗糙度测量与三维评定

表面粗糙度的测量与评定一直是机械行业的重要课题。提出了一种基于机器视觉检测工件表面粗糙度的方法。首先利用显微镜获取端铣、刨、车不同等级下工件表面的序列图像,采用方差聚焦测度算子对序列图像中的每一个点进行高度计算;然后再利用高斯插值法计算出微观物体表面的准确高度,重构其表面微观形貌;最后计算出各个工件表面的三维粗糙度。通过对实验数据的分析和讨论,可以确定出表面均方根偏差Sq、表面偏斜度Ssk和表面峰密度Sds这三个参数,它们是常用地对工件表面粗糙度进行评价的可靠参数,可为以后三维粗糙度体系的科学建立提供依据。     

微磨具磨削钠钙玻璃的磨损机理实验研究

建立了微磨削过程中单颗磨粒的磨损数学模型,通过观测微磨具磨削前后直径变化、表面形貌变化及加工前后试件的表面质量,分析了微磨削过程中不同阶段磨粒的磨损情况.利用粒度500~#微磨具对钠钙玻璃进行单因素磨损实验,研究不同的磨削影响因素对微磨具磨损的影响规律.实验结果表明:随着磨削速度和进给速度增大,磨粒的磨损和破碎现象加剧;随着去除材料体积的增加,微磨具直径先是急剧减小,而后呈线性减小趋势;加工表面的粗糙度随着去除工件体积的增加总体呈下降趋势.研究结果为提高微磨具的使用寿命和加工性能提供了理论参考和实验依据.     

一种利用霍尔效应测量螺线磁场的新方法

给出了一种利用霍尔效应测量螺线管磁场的新方法：用数字电压表取代电位差计等诸多仪器测量霍尔电热差，进而计算出通电长直螺线管内轴向磁场的分布，实验证明，该方法测量精度高、稳定性好，克服了以往测量方法的缺点，极大地提高了实验精度和实验效率。     

A computer program for automated step edge motion analysis from scanning probe microscopy images

A computer algorithm was developed to automatically track the displacement of straight step edges between sequential scanning probe microscopy images of single-crystal surfaces. The program utilizes the Canny edge detection algorithm followed by the Hough Transform of the edge map to identify step edges according to their direction, relative to the image axes, and according to their displacement, relative to the image origin. The tracking of individual steps is facilitated by the fact that straight edges in general maintain their direction and therefore, steps of similar displacement but different direction can be sorted. The algorithm is based on the assumption that the rate of image acquisition is much greater than the rate of (mono)layer growth/dissolution, requiring that changes in step displacement are small in successive images. The change in step displacement in sequential images leads directly to the calculation of the step speed. By tabulating all changes in step displacement through a sequence of images, a statistical representation of the step edge data is produced. The program was evaluated using a sequence of 20 atomic force microscopy images from a calcite (104) surface growing from a supersaturated aqueous solution. The program required, in total, 5 CPU-minutes running on a Pentium 4 processor to compute the mean step speed with 60% precision whereas the equivalent number of measurements performed “by hand” required 6 person-hours at 70% precision. For comparable output, the computer program therefore represents a factor of about 100 decrease in required effort.     

Nanoclusters of TiO2 wetted with gold

We combined scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory to establish the structure-functionality relationship for nanometer-sized defects on TiO₂(1 1 0). Three-angstrom high topographically distinct dots are ascribed to stoichiometric TiO₂ nanoclusters with low coordination numbers. The under-coordinated O atoms of the nanocluster, with surface O atoms, provide exceptionally strong binding sites for Au nanoparticles. Our atomistic model elucidates a number of characteristics salient to low temperature CO oxidation by Au nanoparticles.     

Anomalous scaling in surface roughness evaluation of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Pt thin films

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to measure the surface roughness of crystalline Pt thin films as a function of film thickness and growth rate. Our films were electrodeposited on Au/Cr/glass substrates, under galvanostatic control (constant current density), from a single electrolyte containing Pt⁴⁺ ions. Crystalline structure of the films was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The effect of growth rate (deposition current density) and film thickness (deposition time) on the kinetic roughening of the films were studied using AFM and roughness calculation. The data is consistent with a rather complex behaviour known as “anomalous scaling” where both local and large scale roughnesses show power law dependence on the film thickness.     

中外女子3000m障碍跑成绩发展态势分析

采用数理统计的方法对近10年世界女子3000m障碍跑的成绩变化特征及其原因进行分析，并运用数学建模的方法对世界女子3000m障碍跑发展态势进行了预测，从而为提高我国女子3000m障碍跑运动技术水平提供理论与实践依据．