关于转杯纺纱曲线形态和张力的力学分析

本文讨论转杯纺纱(即气流纺)杯内纱的曲线形态和张力变化,从力学分析的角度来看,在有空气阻力并有足够大的阻捻盘作用下才能使纱形成稳定的正向剥取的曲线形态。如无空气阻力并无阻捻盘存在时,那就将形成反向剥取方式的曲线形态。否则是不能满足力学平衡和功能平衡的要求的。     

Mechanism and Nature of the Different Viscosity Sensitivities of Hemicyanine Dyes with Various Heterocycles

A series of hemicyanine derivatives are excellent fluorescent viscosity sensors in live cells and in imaging of living tissues due to their low quantum yields in solution but large fluorescence enhancements in viscous environments. Herein, three carbazole‐based hemicyanine dyes with different heterocycles are studied. They have different background quantum yields, and hence different sensitivities to viscosity detection, large Stokes shifts, and high sensitivity. Better understanding of the structure–property relationships for viscosity sensitivity could benefit the design of improved dyes. Computational studies on these dyes reveal the mechanism of viscosity sensitivity of fluorescent molecular rotors and the nature of the difference in viscosity sensitivity of the three dyes. The results show that the greatly raised HOMO and greatly lowered LUMO in the S₁ state compared with the S₀ state are responsible for the large Stokes shift of the three dyes. The heterocyclic moieties have the primary influence on the LUMO levels of the three hemicyanine dyes. Rotation about the C? C bond adjacent to the carbazole moiety of the three dyes drives the molecule toward a small energy gap between the ground state and the first excited state, which causes mainly nonradiative deactivation. The oscillator strengths in the lowest singlet excited state drop rapidly with increasing rotation between 0 and 95°, which leads to a dark state for these dyes when fully twisted at 95°. We draw a mechanistic picture at the molecular level to illustrate how these dyes work as viscosity‐sensitive fluorescent probes. The activation barriers and energy gaps of C? C bond rotation strongly depend on the choice of heterocycle, which plays a major role in reducing fluorescence quantum yield in the free state and provides high sensitivity to viscosity detection in viscous environments for the carbazole‐based hemicyanine dyes.     

Nondestructive evaluation of helicopter rotor blades using guided Lamb modes

This paper presents an application for turning and direct modes in a complex composite laminate structure. The propagation and interaction of turning modes and fundamental Lamb modes are investigated in the skin, spar and web sections of a helicopter rotor blade. Finite element models were used to understand the various mode conversions at geometric discontinuities such as web-spar joints. Experimental investigation was carried out with the help of air coupled ultrasonic transducers. The turning and direct modes were confirmed with the help of particle displacements and velocities. Experimental B-Scans were performed on damaged and undamaged samples for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the structure. A strong correlation between the numerical and experimental results was observed and reported.     

交叉旋翼悬停气动性能和流场干扰

针对交叉旋翼复杂的气动干扰问题,建立了一种适合于交叉旋翼气动分析的数值模拟方法.该方法采用三维非定常Reynolds平均Navier?Stokes(RANS)方程来求解流场,使用动态嵌套网格方法模拟旋翼运动.使用共轴旋翼悬停实验结果验证了该方法的准确性.利用该方法模拟了交叉旋翼在不同状态下的流场,计算了拉力和悬停效率,...     

大型汽轮发电机轴系稳定裕度研究

分析了轴承－转子系统的基本力（阻尼力、陀螺力和循环力等）影响其系统稳定性时表现出的“阻尼”特性，提出了广义阻尼的概念；并以大型汽轮发电机轴系为对象，运用广义阻尼较系统地探讨了轴系稳定裕度、单个轴承对系统稳定裕度的影响等问题，给出了一些新的概念、准则和分析方法（通称为轴系稳定裕度分析的广义阻尼理论）．随后，运用广义阻尼理论较系统地计算、分析了某机组轴系的稳定裕度及其相关问题，取得了令人满意的结果，从而论证了广义阻尼理论的实用价值。     

带SFD的转子——支承系统稳态动力响应研究

该文研究了带挤压油膜阻尼器的转子－支承系统的稳态动力响应，提出了求解非线性转子系统稳态动力响应的三角级数法，通过对某涡喷发动机转子－支承系统模拟实验台的计算，分析及实验研究，证明该文给出的方法正确，合理。     

任意斜裂纹转子的耦合振动研究

对包含不同类型裂纹(横裂纹、横-斜裂纹以及任意斜裂纹)的转子的耦合振动进行研究,以揭示裂纹转子在不同方向上刚度参数的变化规律及其交叉耦合机理,特别是由此引发的振动特征.对于包含不同类型裂纹的转子轴段,采用六自由度Timoshenko梁单元模型对其进行单元建模,并基于应变能理论推导计算柔度参数和刚度矩阵.在此基础上,采用纽马克-β数值算法求解裂纹转子的运动方程,获得裂纹转子在单故障或多故障激励(不平衡激励、扭转激励或不平衡激励加扭转激励)作用下的耦合振动响应,进而分析耦合振动谱特征.与横裂纹和横-斜裂纹相比,任意斜裂纹使转子刚度矩阵的交叉耦合效应更显著,导致转子发生更强烈的弯-扭耦合甚至是纵-弯-扭耦合振动.无论是在不平衡激励还是扭转激励作用下,弯曲振动与扭转振动幅度都更大.而且,包含不同类型裂纹的转子的耦合振动特征频率,例如旋转基频与二倍频、扭转激励频率及其边带成分的幅值,对裂纹面方向角具有不同的敏感性.所得的这些研究结果,可以为转子裂纹的特征参数辨识与诊断提供理论依据.     

Molecular Turnstiles Featuring Bicyclic Rotators: Solution and Solid-State Investigation of Steric and Electronic Concerns

A molecular rotor is created when a 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole rotator is incorporated into a rigid arylene ethynylene framework supported by pyridine coordination to a metal (Ag⁺ or PdCl₂) guest. Comparisons to a similarly sized naphthyl rotator via ¹H NMR spectroscopy provide insights into the movement of these bicyclic rotators relative to the rigid stator framework. Chemical shift increases of 0.3 ppm, or more, upon metal complexation are consistent with through-space interaction of the central arene with a bound PdCl₂ guest. Further study via X-ray crystallography illustrates that rotation of the 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole unit in the solid state is likely hampered by relatively strong chalcogen bonding (N⋅⋅⋅S distance of 2.93 Å), forming 2S-2N squares between benzothiadiazoles of neighboring complexes. Strong π–π interactions (3.29–3.36 Å) between neighboring complexes likewise restrict solid-state rotation of the potential benzothiadiazole rotator. Modest changes to UV–vis spectra upon metal coordination suggest that electronic properties are mostly independent of stator configuration.     

Two-layer molecular rotors: A zinc dimer rotating over planar hypercoordinate motifs

Multi-layer molecular rotors represent a class of unique combination of topology and bonding, featuring a barrier-free rotation of one layer with respect to other layers. This emerging fluxional behavior has been found in a few doped boron clusters. Herein, we strongly enrich this intriguing family followed by an effective design strategy, summarized as essential factors: i) considerable electrostatic interactions originated from a strong charge transfer between layers; ii) the absence of strong covalent bonds between layers; and iii) fully delocalized σ/π electrons from at least one layer. We found that planar hypercoordinate motifs consisting of monocyclic boron rings and metals with σ + π dual aromaticity can be regarded as one promising layer, which can support the suspended X₂ (X = Zn, Cd, Hg) dimers. By detailed investigations of thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of 60 species, eventually, MB₇X₂⁻ and MB₈X₂ (X = Zn, Cd; M = Be, Ru, Os; Be works only for Zn-based cases) clusters were verified to be the global-minimum two-layer molecular rotors. Especially, their electronic structure analyses vividly confirm the practicability of the electronic structure requirements mentioned above for designing multi-layer molecular rotors.