Muscle oxygenation measurement in humans by noninvasive optical spectroscopy and Locally Weighted Regression

We have developed a method to make real-time, continuous, noninvasive measurements of muscle oxygenation (Mox) from the surface of the skin. A key development was measurement in both the visible and near infrared (NIR) regions. Measurement of both oxygenated and deoxygenated myoglobin and hemoglobin resulted in a more accurate measurement of Mox than could be achieved with measurement of only the deoxygenated components, as in traditional near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Using the second derivative with respect to wavelength reduced the effects of scattering on the spectra and also made oxygenated and deoxygenated forms more distinguishable from each other. Selecting spectral bands where oxygenated and deoxygenated forms absorb filtered out noise and spectral features unrelated to Mox. NIR and visible bands were scaled relative to each other in order to correct for errors introduced by normalization. Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) was used to estimate Mox from spectra within each data set collected from healthy subjects. A Locally Weighted Regression (LWR) model was built from calibration set spectra and associated Mox values from 20 subjects using 2562 spectra. LWR and Partial Least Squares (PLS) allow accurate measurement of Mox despite variations in skin pigment or fat layer thickness in different subjects. The method estimated Mox in five healthy subjects with an RMSE of 5.4%.     

Limit distribution of the coefficients of polynomials with only unit roots

We consider sequences of random variables whose probability generating functions have only roots on the unit circle, which has only been sporadically studied in the literature. We show that the random variables are asymptotically normally distributed if and only if the fourth central and normalized (by the standard deviation) moment tends to 3, in contrast to the common scenario for polynomials with only real roots for which a central limit theorem holds if and only if the variance is unbounded. We also derive a representation theorem for all possible limit laws and apply our results to many concrete examples in the literature, ranging from combinatorial structures to numerical analysis, and from probability to analysis of algorithms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 46,707–738, 2015     

On the structure of split Leibniz triple systems

We study the structure of arbitrary split Leibniz triple systems with a coherent 0-root space. By developing techniques of connections of roots for this kind of triple systems, under certain conditions, in the case of T being of maximal length, the simplicity of the Leibniz triple systems is characterized.     

Two novel abietane dimers from transformed root cultures of Salvia broussonetii

Broussonetone A (1) and broussonetone B (2), two novel dimeric abietane diterpenes, have been isolated from Salvia broussonetii root cultures transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The structure of broussonetone A was determined from spectroscopic data and confirmed by X-ray analysis. This dimer can be formed by a [4+2]-cycloaddition of two molecules of 13β-hydroxyabieta-8(14),9(11)-dien-12-one. NMR data of broussonetone B indicated that the C-20 methyl in part B of the broussonetone A molecule had been substituted by an aldehyde group. Thus, broussonetone B could be formed by an analogous Diels Alder reaction between 13β-hydroxyabieta-8(14),9(11)-dien-12-one as the dienophile and its 20-oxo derivative as the electrophile.     

The enormity of the zinc deficiency problem and available solutions; an overview

The societal cost of micronutrient deficiency (MND) or the “hidden hunger” is in millions of dollars/year, reducing the GDP of some countries by as much as 11%. Zn is an important micronutrient for both plants and animals. An estimated 17% of the world population, or around 1.1 billion people, are at the risk of zinc (Zn) deficiency. The deficiency has been related to adverse pregnancy outcomes, stunted growth, premature deaths, immune system dysfunctions, neuro-behavioral disorders, and recently with the failure to recover from COVID-19. These health risks associated with Zn deficiency have compelled FAO and WHO to recommend Zn fortification of diet. Correcting Zn deficiency is a challenge due to several reasons. Close to half of the agricultural soils are Zn deficient, and chemical Zn fertilizers are costly and ineffective. Developing Zn-rich crops through plant breeding and genetic engineering is challenging. Zn-dense diet is costly and cannot be implemented in the low-income region most affected by Zn deficiency. Lack of consensus among regulatory bodies on defining and diagnosing Zn deficiency in plants and Humans. Awareness and other sociocultural issues. Among the most important available solutions are zinc biofortification of the cereal crops, use of zinc biofertilizers, development of Zn-efficient crops with reduced phytate content. The use of Zn supplements, dietary modification, and diversification, especially with fish, are proposed as the most accessible and affordable solutions. Awareness programs in areas suffering the most from Zn deficiency are required. Despite the suggestions from FAO and WHO, global efforts to combat Zn deficiency matching those for combating diseases like HIV are not in place. Coordinated efforts of the international community, especially policy-makers, agricultural scientists, dieticians, physicians, and others, are required to address the issue of hidden hunger.     

不同频率的声波刺激对猕猴桃组培苗根系发育的影响

用不同频率的声波刺激中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)的组培苗,研究模拟声场的环境应力刺激对植物根系发育的生物学效应.结果表明,猕猴桃试管苗的根系发育过程对外界声波刺激有较显著的双向效应.适度频率的声波(1 000 Hz左右)可促进幼苗根系的生长发育;但当声波频率超过一定范围(2 000 Hz)后,对根系发育的促进效应就明显减弱,到5 000 Hz时甚至开始抑制组培苗的根系发育.文中同时探讨了声波影响根系发育的可能机理.     

蜜环菌根朽病的化学防治

采用正交试验设计方法,将50%退菌特、80%杜邦万生、72%杜邦克露3种药剂用于20 a生红松人工林内蜜环菌根朽病防治试验.发病状况分为5个等级,对防治效果进行方差分析和统计假设差异性检验.结果表明:3种药剂之间无显著性差异,而与对照组比较差异显著.防治的经济效益十分显著,投入产出比达到1∶167.     

Analysis of ginseng root and leaf by multiple columns and detections liquid chromatography

Abstract

A multiple columns and detections liquid chromatography system, including size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), for the analysis of macromolecules and micromolecules in ginseng root and leaf was developed. The columns were connected by two switching valves. Macromolecules were separated on a SEC column (TSK gel SuperMultipore PW-H column, 6?mm× 150?mm, 8?μm) by isocratic elution of 50?mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution, 0.3?mL/min of flow rate and detected by evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). Micromolecules were analyzed on a Poroshell RP column (Agilent Poroshell 120?SB-Aq column, 4.6?mm × 50?mm, 2.7 µm) with gradient elution of water and acetonitrile, 0.6?mL/min of flow rate and detected by ultraviolet detection (UV). As a result, in the macromolecules chromatogram of ginseng root sample showed two main peaks while only one major peak for ginseng leaf. For micromolecules analysis, 17 compounds (3 nucleosides + 14 saponins) and 17 compounds (3 nucleosides + 1 flavonoid + 13 saponins) were found in ginseng root and leaf, respectively. The developed method is helpful for the quality evaluation of ginseng root and leaf.     

基于空间分集和轨迹连续的实时Fingerprint定位算法

在室外复杂环境下,接收信号强度的浮动是制约Fingerprint定位精度的一个主要问题。传统的方法利用时间分集和平均滤波器来减小信号的浮动,这增加了定位的延迟,无法满足室外实时定位的需求。为了解决信号浮动和定位延迟问题,在分析接收信号强度空间相关性的基础上,提出了一种实时的Fingerprint定位算法,利用空间分集减小信号的浮动和定位延迟,同时根据运动物体轨迹的连续性提高定位精度。室外环境下的实验结果表明了所提算法能显著提高Fingerprint定位系统的性能。     

抗松针褐斑病湿地松组培苗生根条件的优化

以抗松针褐斑病湿地松组培苗为研究材料,对影响组培苗不定根发生的条件进行优化。结果表明:在含4.0 mg/L IBA和0.07 mg/L NAA的WPM培养基中添加0.4 mg/L多效唑对湿地松组培苗不定根的形成和再生植株的成活率有促进作用;湿地松组培苗不定根原基形成后,出瓶移至装有蛭石的穴盘中,有利于不定根的表达,且根茎连接非常好,植株成活率高达85%;基因型对苗的成活率有决定性的影响,不同家系及同一家系不同无性系间移栽成活率差异较大。