Measurements of saturated basic and acidic rock electrical conductivities at lower crustal temperatures and high pressures

Abstract

Laboratory measurements of the electrical conductivity of brine saturated acidic and metabasic rocks were done at confining pressures up to 0.2 GPa, high pore pressures and temperatures of 900°C. Acidic rocks showed conductivities insufficient to explain the lower crustal high conductivity layer. Basic rocks, however, showed conductivities consistent with the high conductivity layer at those temperatures that the layer is thought to possess.     

基于分形方法的深部砂岩地层岩石可钻性分析

石油钻井中测量岩石可钻性的主要方法是以井下取心为对象,测量岩石的力学性能和微钻法可钻性试验,但这种方法采样费用高,试验周期长,不能在现场直接应用,这对实际应用造成了很大困难。文中用筛析法分析不同围压下砂岩岩心碎屑的分布,发现砂岩岩心破碎碎屑是分形分布。不同围压的实验中,碎屑分布的分维值不同。随着围压的增加,砂岩破碎碎屑的分维增大。解释了砂岩碎屑分维增大的原因,研究了碎屑分形分布的物理机制。并进一步分析了砂岩岩心分形维数与可钻性和围压之间关系,为使用实际钻进过程中产生的上返岩屑描述可钻性指标奠定基础,为可钻性研究提供一条新的途径。     

离子浓度及表面结构对岩石孔隙内水流动特性的影响

酸性环境引发的岩石孔隙表面溶解增加了孔隙内水溶液的盐离子浓度,破坏了孔隙的表面结构.本文采用分子动力学模拟的方法研究了纳米级岩石孔隙内水溶液的流动特性,分析了盐离子浓度和孔隙表面结构对水流速度分布的影响及原因.研究结果表明:纳米级岩石孔隙内的水溶液流动符合泊肃叶流动特性,流速呈"抛物线"分布;随盐离子浓度增加,水溶液内部氢键网络变得更为致密,水黏度随其呈线性增长;水溶液中离子浓度越大,孔隙表面对水流动的阻力越大,最大流速越小,速度分布的"抛物线"曲率半径越大;岩石孔隙表面结构的破坏改变了流动表面的粗糙程度,增加了孔隙表面对H2O分子的吸引力.随表面结构破坏程度的增大,水溶液在近壁区域的密度增大,流速降低;当表面破坏程度达到50%时,水溶液在近壁区域出现了明显的负边界滑移现象.     

基于八面体理论的岩石循环加-卸载本构模型及修正

探究岩石的受力特点及破坏特性是研究岩石地下工程安全性的关键,诸多学者都期望能在岩石本构模型的研究上取得突破性进展。在此背景下,提出了一种能够描述循环加-卸载条件下岩石的本构模型。首先,假设岩石的微元强度服从八面体剪应力理论并且微元破坏服从Weibull概率公式,将岩石本构中的损伤变量以及岩石微元强度表达式里包含的损伤因子进行本构变换,得到关于应力、应变等其他表现加-卸载下岩石损伤本构模型的参数,表示出岩石微元强度和损伤变量,再将得到的岩石微元强度和损伤变量代入所提出的岩石本构模型中,并进行等式变换得到一个函数表达式。通过将其与实验数据进行拟合对比分析,得出修正后的拟合参数,将其代入函数式中,得到损伤本构模型的修正式。最后将拟合参数进行必要的敏感性分析,得出各拟合参数的实际物理意义。     

在围压冲击条件下岩石损伤粘塑性本构关系

基于简单的机械模型导出了岩石类材料在损伤状态下的应力应变关系，通过对适合与岩石类工程材料的内时定义的适当修正，将材料所受围压和应变率引入到本构关系中，导出了岩石在围岩压条件下的内时粘塑损伤本构关系，用所建立的本构方程描述了石岩在围压条件下的动态应力应变响应特性。结果表明，岩石的动态损伤使得材料的抗力明显降低，围压使得材料的抗力明显增加，考虑损佃的本构方程比未计及损佃的本构方程更好地描述了在围压条件下岩石动态损伤的实验现象。这一工作对深层岩石动态的研究提供了一种方法。     

中国东南部中、新生代基性岩荧光光谱与等离子质谱测试结果对比及其地质意义分析

通过对中国东南部中、新生代基性岩类岩石的荧光光谱和等离子体质谱分析结果的对比研究,发现中生代基性岩SiO₂平均含量为±50%,新生代基性岩为±43%,前者属典型基性岩类,后者属超基性岩类。两者在微量元素及稀土元素组成上也有显著差异。中生代基性岩的微量元素和稀土元素标准化配分模式与上陆壳的配分模式相同或相似,而新生代基性岩则与OIB型洋岛玄武岩相同或相似。由此得到的认识是：新生代的基性岩与OIB型洋岛玄武岩一样,均为地幔来源,而中生代的基性岩浆则极有可能来自上陆壳底部,与本区中生代壳内重熔岩浆层的演化有关。     

烯/炔基有机共轭分子双光子吸收特性的理论研究-溶剂效应

The present work concerns the study of solvent effects on the geometrical structures, as well as one- and two-photon absorption (TPA) processes, for two series of alkyne and alkene π-bridging molecules, within the framework of the polarization continuum model. Particular emphasis was put on the characterization of solvent effects on the molecular geometrical structures and geometric distortion, which were measured by the bond-length-alternation parameter. The π centres in the compounds are seen to play a decisive role in increasing the TPA cross section and nonlinear optical properties. All studied molecules have relatively strong TPA characteristics, while the alkyne π-bridging ones yield larger TPA cross sections.     

Rocky coast processes: with special reference to the recession of soft rock cliffs

Substantial progress in research on the recession of coastal cliffs composed of soft materials has been made in recent years and data with higher accuracy have been accumulated. This paper provides the state of the art review in the recession studies and highlights two new findings obtained from the reanalysis of existing data. The review topics are: episodic and localized nature of cliff recession; the development of cliffline; the relationship between cliff height and recession rate; mechanisms of cliff toe erosion by waves; a fundamental equation for wave-induced toe erosion; factors controlling toe erosion; and slope instabilities and mass movements. The findings are presented on (1) the temporal change in cliffline recession mode and (2) the effect of beach sediment at the cliff base on the cliff erosion.     

Fourier transform spectroscopy of CH3OH: rotation-torsion-vibration structure for the CH3-rocking and OH-bending modes

High-resolution Fourier transform spectra of CH₃OH have been investigated in the infrared region from 930 to 1450 cm⁻¹ in order to map the torsion-rotation energy manifolds associated with the ν₇ in-plane CH₃ rock, the ν₁₁ out-of-plane CH₃ rock, and the ν₆ OH bend. Upper-state term values have been determined from the assigned spectral subbands, and have been fitted to power-series expansions to obtain substate origins and effective B-values for the three modes. The substate origins have been grouped into related families according to systematic trends observed in the torsion-vibration energy map, but there are substantial differences from the traditional torsional patterns. There appears to be significant torsion-mediated spectral mixing, and a variety of “forbidden” torsional combination subbands with |Δυ_t|>1 have been observed, where υ_t denotes the torsional quantum number (equivalent to υ₁₂). For example, coupling of the (υ₆,υ_t)=(1,0) OH bend to nearby torsionally excited (υ₇,υ_t)=(1,1) CH₃-rock and (υ₈,υ_t)=(1,1) CO-stretch states introduces (υ₆,υ_t)=(1,0)←(0,1) subbands into the spectrum and makes the ν₇+ν₁₂−ν₁₂ torsional hot band stronger than the ν₇ fundamental. The results suggest a picture of strong coupling among the OH-bending, CH₃-rocking, and CO-stretching modes that significantly modifies the traditional energy structure and raises interesting and provocative questions about the torsion-vibration identity of a number of the observed states.     

下刚果盆地A区块下白垩统Albian阶沉积层序与古地理演化

通过对西非被动大陆边缘下刚果盆地中的A区块沉积相和层序地层分析,确定Albian阶主要为一套具“间断-交叉”混积机理的碳酸盐岩混杂陆源砂、泥沉积,可划分出5个三级层序,经历了从混积缓坡→周缘混积台地→破裂混积台地→深水混积陆棚→深海盆地(深水扇)的沉积演化全过程,对应于威尔逊构造旋回中后裂谷拗陷阶段向大陆漂移的过渡阶段,其中发育主力储、产层的SQ2- SQ3层序为Ⅱ型周缘混积-破裂台地沉积层序,可进一步划分为TST和HST两个体系域.解析了混积碳酸盐岩层序地层与沉积充填响应特征,建立了研究区混积碳酸盐岩“滑脱-盐拱-转换”多因素联控的沉积演化模式,提出SQ3层序时期的盐拱构造顶部呈帚状分布和垂