An fMRI study of magnitude comparison and exact addition in children

By contrast to the adult literature, in which a consistent parietofrontal network for number processing has been identified, the data from studies of number processing in children have been less consistent, probably due to differences in study design and control conditions. Number processing was examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 18 right-handed children (8–12 years) from the Cape Coloured community in Cape Town, South Africa, using Proximity Judgment and Exact Addition (EA) tasks. The findings were consistent with the hypothesis that, as in adults, the anterior horizontal intraparietal sulcus (HIPS) plays a major role in the representation and manipulation of quantity in children. The posterior medial frontal cortex, believed to be involved in performance monitoring in more complex arithmetic manipulations in adults, was extensively activated even for relatively simple symbolic number processing in the children. Other areas activated to a greater degree in the children included the left precentral sulcus, which may mediate number knowledge and, for EA, the head of the caudate nucleus, which is part of a fronto-subcortical circuit involved in the behavioral execution of sequences. Two regions that have been linked to number processing in adults — the angular gyrus and posterior superior parietal lobule — were not activated in the children. The data are consistent with the inference that although the functional specialization of the anterior HIPS may increase as symbolic number processing becomes increasingly automatic, this region and other elements of the parietofrontal network identified in adults are already reliably and robustly activated by middle childhood.     

毕节地区农业科学研究所图书资料室的现状及发展对策

分析了毕节地区农业科学研究所图书资料室的现状和存在的问题,从图书资料室的馆藏文献、网络化、数据库、服务体系及人才队伍建设等方面提出了发展对策。     

网络阅读时代高校图书馆发展的对策

随着网络技术的飞速发展,具有阅读成本低、阅读内容丰富、交流方便、阅读环境开放等特点的网络阅读受到越来越多的大学生的喜爱。在这种形势下,高校图书馆的工作面临着前所未有的挑战,但只要重视馆藏资源建设、加强阅读技能指导、更新导读思路等,高校图书馆也一定可以将这次挑战转变为自身发展的绝好机遇。     

Cleaving Direct‐Laser‐Written Microstructures on Demand

Using an advanced functional photoresist we introduce direct‐laser‐written (DLW) 3D microstructures capable of complete degradation on demand. The networks consist exclusively of reversible bonds, formed by irradiation of a phenacyl sulfide linker, giving disulfide bonds in a radical‐free step‐growth polymerization via a reactive thioaldehyde. The bond formation was verified in solution by ESI‐MS. To induce cleavage, dithiothreitol causes a thiol–disulfide exchange, erasing the written structure. The mild cleavage of the disulfide network is highly orthogonal to other, for example, acrylate‐based DLW structures. To emphasize this aspect, DLW structures were prepared incorporating reversible structural elements into a non‐reversible acrylate‐based standard scaffold, confirming subsequent selective cleavage. The high lateral resolution achievable was verified by the preparation of well‐defined line gratings with line separations of down to 300 nm.     

Joint impact of nodes-mobility and channel estimation error on the performance of two-way relay systems

This paper presents the performance analysis of a two-way relay system with nodes-mobility (NM) and channel estimation errors (CEE) under time-varying Rayleigh fading. Herein, analog network coding protocol is employed at the relay node. All the participating nodes are half-duplex and equipped with single-antenna devices. Specifically, we utilize first-order Markovian model to characterize the impact of NM in the channel. Along with the NM, we also consider that the CEE may exist in practical scenarios, where nodes require to estimate the channel state information. By incorporating these factors, we first derive the instantaneous end-to-end (e2e) signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) at two source nodes. Then, we obtain the exact closed-form expressions for distribution and density functions of the two e2e SNRs. After that, we derive the accurate expressions of various performance metrics, viz., sum-bit error rate, overall outage probability, and ergodic sum-rate. Further, to attain more insights into the considered system, we deduce the asymptotic behavior of these performance metrics. Finally, numerical and Monte-Carlo simulation results are provided to validate our theoretical analysis and to illustrate the impact of NM and CEE on the performance measures of the considered system.     

具有S-分布延时和脉冲控制的一类神经网络的鲁棒同步

具有脉冲的神经网络作为一种典型的混合系统在图像处理、模式识别、优化控制等实际工程中有广泛的应用.在这些应用中,要求神经网络具有鲁棒同步性质.因此,神经网络的鲁棒同步性研究受到许多学者的关注.本文将不确定非线性耦合函数引进到一般类神经网络中,通过构造适当的Lyapunov函数和运用一些不等式分析技术,研究了具有S-分布延时和脉冲控制的神经网络的鲁棒同步性质,得到了保证网络具有一般脉冲鲁棒同步的一个实用条件.     

国内网络问政研究进展之文献计量分析——以CNKI2008.01—2013.12文献为基础

以CNKI2008年1月1日-2013年12月25日相关文献为基础,对我国网络问政研究的文献进行梳理,从网络问政研究的兴起与进展、网络问政研究文献的结构分析以及网络问政研究的主题和内容分布三个方面综合分析研究者的观点,可以看出当前我国在网络问政领域的研究存在着不足,如有关网络问政的相关概念有待明晰,研究领域倚重、研究范围有待拓展,研究主题泛化、理论深度有待挖掘,研究方法滞后、学术规范性偏弱。今后,应及时总结并汲取国内外先进经验,加强学术规范性及多学科理论交叉研究。     

浅议网络新闻文本的优缺点

近年来,国内外传统纸媒业纷纷停刊、合并、倒闭,而网络媒体却大行其道。业界诸多学者认为纸媒行业的衰败已是大势所趋,网络传媒业将前景光明,事实上网络传媒并非十全十美。本文就围绕网络新闻文本的优缺点进行探讨。     

802.16e系统周期测距的软件设计和实现

测距作为WiMAX上行链路调整时间偏置、功率信息和载波频率的一种方法,在系统接入和通信过程中起着重要作用。深入研究了基于ARM处理器的802.16e系统正交频分多址(orthogonal frequency division multiple ac-cess,OFDMA)物理层的周期测距的软件设计与实现,给出了802.16e系统OFDMA物理层的周期测距算法和流程、周期测距码的发射和检测原理以及周期测距模块的C语言设计。在搭建的测试平台上进行链路测试,结果表明此方案是可行的。     

阿尔茨海默病诊断的自适应BP神经网络模型

阿尔茨海默病(AD)和轻度认知功能损伤(MCI)具有患者多、诊断难的特点,改进BP神经网络,提出自适应BP神经网络(ABP)进行100次AD和MCI诊断模拟,ABP神经网络的诊断正确率显著高于BP和RBF神经网络.采用留一法将101例正常人、200例MCI和90例AD患者的样本分为训练集和检测集,用ABP神经网络对其进行诊断模拟,总正确率达到73.91%.