Influence of experimental parameters on physical properties of porous silicon and oxidized porous silicon layers

This paper reports physical properties of porous silicon and oxidized porous silicon, manufactured by anodisation from heavily p-type doped silicon wafers as a function of experimental parameters. The growth rate and refractive index of the layers were studied at different applied current densities and glycerol concentrations in electrolyte. When the current density varied from 5 to 100 mA/cm², the refractive index was between 1.2 and 2.4 which corresponded to a porosity range from 42 to 85%. After oxidation, the porosity decreased and was between 2 and 45% for a refractive index range from 1.22 to 1.46. The thermal processing also induced an increase in thickness which was dependent on the initial porosity. This increase in thickness was more important for the lowest porosities. Lastly, the roughness of the porous layer/silicon substrate interface was studied at different applied current densities and glycerol concentrations in solution. Roughness decreased when the current density or glycerol concentration increased. Moreover, roughness was also reduced by thermal oxidation.     

连续锁模Nd∶YVO4激光器实现1 GHz高频输出

LD抽运全固体Nd∶YVO4激光器在连续锁模状态运转下获得了高达1 GHz的重复频率.实验中采用半导体可饱和吸收镜作为锁模元件.利用透过率只有0.8%的输出镜以及可获得较小抽运光斑的2 WLD作为抽运源来优化激光器设计,有效地抑制了调Q锁模状态的运转.低的激光器振荡阈值(35 mW)和连续锁模阈值(0.8 W)显示了饱和吸收体低的插入损耗和激光器合理的设计.在最大抽运1.6 W 时获得了210 mW的平均输出功率.     

Effects of temperature on the relaxation to equilibrium and stationary nonequilibrium states of some Langevin systems

We investigate the effects of temperature on the properties of the time relaxation to equilibrium and nonequilibrium steady states of correlation functions of some Langevin harmonic systems. We consider commonly used dissipative and conservative Langevin dynamics, and show that the time relaxation rate depends on the temperature in the case of thermal reservoirs at different temperatures connected to the system, but it does not happen in the case of relaxation to equilibrium, i.e., if all the heat bath are at the same temperature. Our formalism maps the initial stochastic problem on a noncanonical quantum field theory, and the calculations of the relaxation rates are based on a perturbative analysis. We argue to show the reliability of the perturbative computation.     

Effects of fine fuel droplets on a laminar flame stabilized in a partially prevaporized spray stream

A partially prevaporized spray burner was developed to investigate the interaction between fuel droplets and a flame. Monodispersed partially prevaporized ethanol sprays with narrow diameter distribution were generated by the condensation method using rapid pressure reduction of a saturated ethanol vapor–air mixture. A tilted flat flame was stabilized at the nozzle exit using a hot wire. Particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) was applied to measurements of the droplet velocity; the laminar burning velocity was obtained from gas velocity derived from the droplet velocity. Observations were made of flames in partially prevaporized spray streams with mean droplet diameters of 7 μm and the liquid equivalence ratios of 0.2; the total equivalence ratio was varied. In all cases, a sharp vaporization plane was observed in front of the blue flame. Flame oscillation was observed on the fuel-rich side. At strain rates under 50 s⁻¹, the change in the burning velocity with the strain rate is small in fuel-lean spray streams. In spray streams of 0.7 and 0.8 in the total equivalence ratio, burning velocity increases with strain rates of greater than 50 s⁻¹. However, in spray streams with 0.9 and 1.0 in the total equivalence ratio, burning velocity decreases as the strain rate increases. At strain rates greater than 80 s⁻¹, burning velocity decreases with an increased gas equivalence ratio. The effect of mean droplet diameter, and the entry length of droplets into a flame on the laminar burning velocity, were also investigated to interpret the effect of the strain rate on the laminar burning velocity of partially prevaporized sprays.     

非磁化等离子体和磁化等离子体的电磁辐射特性研究

本文研究非磁化和磁化双MAXWELL分布等离子体的电磁不稳定性色散方程和电磁辐射增长率.结果表明,非磁化等离子体不能辐射出电磁波,而磁化等离子体能够辐射出电磁波.并分析讨论了磁化等离子体在不同参数下的电磁辐射增长率随辐射频率、等离子体密度和温度的变化.     

高压燃气管道破裂的定量风险分析

高压燃气管道破裂将会危及到破裂点附近的生命财产安全．管道泄漏率是分析和评价管道破裂事故的前提和基础，将复杂的泄漏率模型进行简化，由简化模型得到的计算值与复杂模型计算值之间的最大偏差为9．3％、基于该简化模型得到的气体喷射扩散模型，其计算值与复杂模型计算值之间的最大偏差为18％．管道发生火焰喷射时，其危险域的计算值与实际值之间的最大偏差只有4m．研究表明，管道破裂危险域是与气体泄漏率的1／2次方成正比，与输气压力的1／2次方成正比，与管径的5／4次方成正比，与破裂管长的1／4次方成反比．     

随机序及其随机序之间的关系

文章先介绍了几种主要的随机序,其中包括期望效用准则、随机占优、单调风险率条件、单调似然率条件和均值-方差准则,然后在此基础上研究了它们之间的关系。     

基于max-min公平性的Overlay组播速率分配问题的研究

由于IP组播需要进行路由器升级以及在可靠性和拥塞控制方面的不成熟,Overlay组播网络作为构建组播服务平台的另一个可行途径逐渐成为研究热点。针对实时多媒体应用对带宽需求的异构性,研究了异构环境下Overlay网络中多速率组播在max-min公平性下的速率分配问题,提出了一种分布式算法,可对于任意给定的Overlay组播树实现max-min速率分配,优化网络的资源利用率。     

一种链路丢包门限动态变化的网络拓扑推测算法

目前端到端逻辑拓扑推测方法主要有极大似然方法和分群方法。极大似然方法的计算量会随网络规模的增加而急剧增长,从而影响在实际网络中的应用。采用计算量较小的分群推测方法,针对GLT算法中采用固定丢包率判决门限ξ所导致的较大推测误差,提出了改进的任意拓扑推测算法IGLT。该算法利用每次迭代过程中得到的链路丢包率的估计值对ξ进行动态调整。仿真结果表明,IGLT算法将ξ与链路丢包率估计值相结合,有效地防止了采用GLT算法导致的拓扑推测准确率的严重恶化,提高了算法性能。     

购买力平价理论在中国的实证及对汇率改革的启示

试图对关于购买力平价理论的争论进行一番归纳、提炼;并根据我国的实际国情对于绝对购买力平价理论在中国的适用提出自己的看法,并在此基础上主要对通过计算大汉堡指数和评估样本商品价格从而估算绝对购买力平价的2种方法做一番探讨;还将探讨相对购买力平价理论在我国的适用性问题;进而分析人民币汇率偏离购买力平价的原因.由于深处人民币不断升值的大背景之下,还将在讨论过程中贯穿人民币是否应继续不断升值的研究,并最终从购买力平价理论角度提出对汇改的建议.