Q&P钢配分过程中的组织演变

利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射和电子探针等研究了0.2C--1.51Si--1.84Mn钢在配分阶段组织的演变情况.配分温度为400℃时,碳在10 s时就可以完成配分,得到残余奥氏体最大体积分数为13.4%.随着配分时间的增长,钢中马氏体发生回火现象,奥氏体发生分解,强度、延伸率降低.当配分时间达到1000 s时,屈服强度、延伸率突然升高.分析认为马氏体回火带来的塑性提高抵消了残余奥氏体量减少引起的塑性降低,并且由于渗碳体和碳化物的析出,变形时阻碍位错的运动,从而提高了屈服强度.通过电子探针分析说明配分阶段发生了碳的扩散,随着配分时间的增长,发生了渗碳体和碳化物的析出,降低了残余奥氏体中碳的含量.     

低碳Fe-W(Mo)-Co(Ni)合金研究(C)

在"低碳Fe-W(Mo)-Co(Ni)合金研究(A)和(B)"的基础上研究了该合金的硬化特性及硬化机理。本系合金具有显著的时效硬化特性:在550℃进行时效处理5～10min,硬度就将上升20～30HRC。时效曲线上出现的二次硬化暗示在时效时有两种硬化机制在起作用。实验表明,在时效过程中Co-Ni合金发生马氏体向奥氏体的逆转变,而高钴合金则未发现这种情况。     

A model of two-velocity particles transport in a porous medium

A one-dimensional flow of suspension with two types of solid particles moving with different velocities in a porous medium is considered. A mathematical model of deep bed filtration which generalizes the known equations of mass balance and particle capture kinetics for a flow of fluid with identical particles is developed. The exact solution is evaluated at the filter inlet and on the concentration front of fast suspended and retained particles, asymptotic solutions are provided in certain vicinities of these lines. A global asymptotic solution to the problem with a small limit deposit is constructed. The asymptotics rapidly converges to the numerical solution.     

两种贝氏体塑料模具钢的相变与残余奥氏体

将两种塑料模具钢FT600 和FT600mod 奥氏体化后, 以连续冷却或等温方式, 获得贝氏体组织. 随后分别在350, 580, 700 °C下进行回火, 研究了Si, Mn元素微调后贝氏体组织及残余奥氏体转变情况. 对两种贝氏体钢在不同热处理工艺下的宏观硬度、残余奥氏体含量、微观组织进行了表征及分析. 研究结果表明, 在FT600 钢的基础上降Si 增Mn 得到了FT600mod 钢, 其贝氏体转变后的残余奥氏体含量大幅降低; FT600 钢中的残余奥氏体在不同温度下回火, 其转变机制不同; FT600mod钢中的残余奥氏体含量较少, 组织稳定, 更适用于非调质工艺处理.     

Tempering effects on three martensitic carbon steels studied by mechanical spectroscopy

Tempering effects have been studied in three martensitic carbon steels by mechanical spectroscopy. The mechanical-loss spectra present a relaxation peak similar to the Snoek-Köster peak in ferrite. The peak amplitude decreases upon tempering, indicating a decrease of the dislocation density. Transition carbides start to precipitate at 380 K in all the three grades. This tends to decrease the mechanical loss and to increase the modulus. Retained austenite decomposes around 520 K in two of the grades. In the third grade, the presence of Si delays this decomposition to 670 K. The decomposition of retained austenite leads to a sudden decrease of amplitude of the relaxation peak and a modulus anomaly. Both these effects can be attributed to a decrease of the dislocation density in martensite, probably associated with the depletion of carbon atoms in the dislocation core. At low frequency, a mechanical-loss peak associated with the decomposition of retained austenite is visible.     

In situ synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction analysis of thermomechanically induced phase transformations in Cu–Al–Ni shape-memory alloy

Phase transformations in a single-crystal Cu–Al–Ni shape-memory alloy induced by thermomechanical effects were investigated in situ by high-resolution synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction. Contrary to the common belief, austenite texture maps revealed that austenite-to-martensite transformation occurred during heating of the partially transformed material under fixed specimen elongation. Twinned and detwinned types of martensite coexisted during this austenite-to-martensite phase transformation. Twinning and detwinning structures evolved to accommodate changes in stress and strain generated in the temperature-varying environment. Small amounts of austenite exhibiting distorted crystallographic orientation were detected in regions of stress-induced martensite during heating of the partially transformed material. The results of this investigation provide insight into intriguing stress rate-dependent phenomena intrinsic of shape-memory alloys and elucidate complex phase transformations due to thermal and mechanical stress effects.     

Laser Nitriding of Iron,Stainless Steel,and Plain Carbon Steel Investigated by Mössbauer Spectroscopy

Nitriding is a common method for improving the hardness, mechanical properties, wear and corrosion resistance of metals. Laser nitriding of metals is an efficient process, where the irradiation of surfaces in air or nitrogen atmospheres with short laser pulses leads to a fast take-up of nitrogen into the irradiated surfaces. This process has been extensively investigated for pure iron, but usually, no tools or functional parts are made of pure iron. Mainly steel or cast iron is used as a base material. Therefore, when looking for technical applicability, also the influence of alloying elements on the laser nitriding process is of great interest. Besides the pure iron various carbon steels and an austenitic stainless steel were studied in laser nitriding experiments in order to investigate the influence of the material itself. Here, the process is investigated via Conversion Electron and X-ray Mössbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS and CXMS), Resonant Nuclear Reaction Analysis (RNRA), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). It appears that carbon steels are even better suited for the laser nitriding process than pure iron, and the laser nitriding also works efficiently for the stainless steel which is normally difficult to be nitrided.     

铬、硅对高碳钢再结晶行为的影响

通过对T10,GCr15,9SiCr三种钢的研究,探讨了铬、硅对高碳钢热变形奥氏体再结晶行为的影响。结果表明:碳化物形成元素铬对再结晶有阻碍作用,而非碳化物形成元素硅对再结晶的阻碍作用不大,却能显著提高发生再结晶的温度。     

奥氏体不锈钢复合板采用SAW焊接基层的焊接工艺研究

通过对S30408+Q245R复合板基层进行SAW焊接接头显微硬度测量、铁素体含量测量、金相显微镜观察等研究,探讨焊接线能量、冷却速度对复合板基层焊缝组织和母材覆层析出σ相的影响。研究结果表明,基层使用SAW焊接时,焊缝硬度比使用SMAW焊接时略低;母材覆层铁素体含量、焊缝过渡层/覆层铁素体含量均比基层使用SMAW焊接时所测含量略低;两种焊接方法的焊缝基层显微组织基本相同。但焊缝覆层/过渡层采用SMAW和GTAW焊接时金相组织有所不同,使用SAW焊接基层时焊缝组织无明显晶粒粗大特征,且母材覆层和焊缝过渡层/覆层均不会析出σ相。     

不稳定煤层倾斜长壁开采及矿压控制

不稳定煤层的开采有着诸多的技术难题。根据广西呼略矿不稳定煤层倾斜长壁开采的工业性试验,以及矿压观测成果,得出了工作面的矿压显现规律,分析了由直接顶周期性断裂而引起采场的周期来压现象,阐述了沿空成巷的力学原理,提出了在这种开采条件下岩层控制的技术措施。经过几年的生产实践,该矿取得了高产、高效、坑耗低、安全好的明显效益。图4,表1,参8。