Ti微合金化Q390高强钢热变形行为研究

通过单道次压缩实验,研究了屈服强度390 MPa级Ti微合金化高强钢的热变形行为,并建立了实验钢的变形抗力模型和动态再结晶数学模型.结果表明:随着变形温度的降低,变形抗力逐渐增大;随着应变速率的增大,应力-应变曲线由动态再结晶型转变为动态回复型.Q390钢的动态再结晶激活能为257.142 k J/mol.建立的高精度的数学模型可表征Ti微合金化Q390钢的高温变形行为.与常规成分体系相比,Ti微合金化成分设计的实验钢轧制时所需的轧制力较小,更容易发生动态再结晶,有利于奥氏体晶粒的细化,可有效地提高钢材强韧性.     

The austenite microstructure evolution in a duplex stainless steel subjected to hot deformation

Abstract

The austenite microstructure evolution and softening processes have been studied in a 23Cr–6Ni–3Mo duplex stainless steel, comprising equal fractions of austenite and ferrite, deformed in uniaxial compression at 1000 °C using strain rates of 0.1 and 10 s^?1. The texture and microstructure evolution within austenite was similar in character for both the strain rate used. The observed large-scale subdivision of austenite grains/islands into complex-shaped deformation bands, typically separated by relatively wide transition regions, has been attributed to the complex strain fields within this phase. Organised, self-screening microband arrays were locally present within austenite and displayed a crystallographic character for a wide range of austenite orientations. The microband boundaries were aligned with the traces of {1?1?1} slip planes containing slip systems having high, although not necessarily the highest possible, Schmid factors. The slightly lower mean intercept length and higher mean misorientation obtained for the sub-boundaries at the higher strain rate can be ascribed to the expected more restricted dynamic recovery processes compared to the low strain rate case. Dynamic recrystallisation within austenite was extremely limited and mainly occurred via the strain-induced migration of the distorted original twin boundaries, followed by the formation of multiple twinning chains.     

Effect of shot peening on the microstructure of laser hardened 17-4PH

In order to investigate the influence of shot peening on microstructure of laser hardened steel and clarify how much influence of initial microstructure induced by laser hardening treatment on final microstructure of laser hardened steel after shot peening treatment, measurements of retained austenite, measurements of microhardness and microstructural analysis were carried out on three typical areas including laser hardened area, transitional area and matrix area of laser hardened 17-4PH steel. The results showed that shot peening was an efficient cold working method to eliminate the retained austenite on the surface of laser hardened samples. The surface hardness increased dramatically when shot peening treatments were carried out. The analyses of microstructure of laser hardened 17-4PH after shot peening treatment were carried out in matrix area and laser hardened area via Voigt method. With the increasing peening intensity, the influence depth of shot peening on hardness and microstructure increased but the surface hardness and microstructure did not change when certain peening intensity was reached. Influence depth of shot peening on hardness was larger than influence depth of shot peening on microstructure due to the kinetic energy loss along the depth during shot peening treatment. From the microstructural result, it can be shown that the shot peening treatment can influence the domain size and microstrain of treated samples but laser hardening treatment can only influence the microstrain of treated samples.     

Development of nitride-layer of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel during high-temperature ammonia gas-nitriding

Ammonia-gas nitriding of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel was studied at temperatures higher than 800 °C using SEM and X-ray diffraction. The result showed that S-phase, an expanded austenite, was formed even at such high temperatures due to a high nitriding potential of ammonia gas. The equilibrium phase, CrN was formed through a decomposition of S-layer in two different modes; the one was through continuous precipitation of particles at the surface-side of S-layer due to a higher nitriding potential; the other through a discontinuous(-like) precipitation at the austenite interface-side, producing a fine lamellar structure of austenite and CrN. The γ-phase in the surface-side resulting from the precipitation of CrN particles subsequently transformed into Fe₄N because of a fast enrichment of N atoms and a limited mobility of Cr atoms at the surface-side. A coarse lamellar structure made of austenite and Cr₂N was developed in front of fine lamellae composed of austenite and CrN by the decomposition of supersaturated austenite through a discontinuous precipitation via grain boundary movement.     

残余奥氏体含量对马氏体高强钢滑动磨损性能的影响

对3种不同残奥(RA)含量的马氏体高强钢进行干滑动摩擦磨损试验, 研究RA含量对其磨损性能的影响. 利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪等对试验后的磨损表面及横截面显微组织进行表征. 结果表明, RA含量越高, 磨损表面越光滑, 摩擦系数和磨损率越小, 也即马氏体高强钢的耐磨性越好. 磨损引起的大应变使RA发生应变诱导马氏体相变, 导致硬度和硬化层厚度显著增大. RA含量最高的HT3试样的硬度提高了18.3%, 硬化层厚度达70μm. 相比RA含量低的试样, HT3试样表现出很好的耐磨性. 这是因为马氏体相变使硬度逐步增加, 抗裂纹萌生能力提高; 同时由于亚表面良好的韧性, 可延缓和阻止裂纹扩展, 使得点蚀和剥落不易形成. 因此, 要提高马氏体高强钢的耐磨性, 除了硬度要求外, 还需要考虑其亚表面韧性.     

Cr30Ni10型焊条焊接中高碳钢冷裂纹行为特征

本文通过CTS试验及插销试验,研究了Cr30Ni10型焊条焊接中,高碳钠的冷裂纹行为。试验结果表明,Cr30Ni10型焊条焊接中、高碳钢有较高的抗裂性能,其冷裂纹行为是:淬硬组织起主要作用,体现不出氢的影响。文中提出的氢的扩散行为模型及熔合区中的富奥氏体带解释了氢体现不出影响的原因。该模型也适应于其它奥氏体焊缝。所得结论,为Cr30Ni10型焊条在中、高碳钢的焊接生产中推广应用提供了一定的理论依据。     

高铬铸铁-钢双金属缸套热处理研究

要使高铬铸铁－钢双金属缸套具有优良的性能，关键在于适宜的热处理工艺，对热 处理工艺参数进行了一系列实验表明：在９４０～９７０℃淬火；２００～２２０℃回火； ７２０℃退火，双全属缸套的性能最好。     

热连轧X65管线钢热变形行为的研究

用热模拟试验研究了Ｘ６５管线钢的动再结晶行为，建立了γ热变形方程式及动再结晶的临界条件回归方程。用模拟计算研究了精轧机组上的残余应变效应，及由此而产生的动再结晶规律。研究结果表明，细化热连轧板卷动再结晶晶粒是细化相变前γ晶粒的重要方式。为制定Ｘ６５钢热连轧生产工艺提供了理论依据，对研究Ｘ６５钢的性能控制及微观机制有重要意义。     

奥氏体不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti的切削机理

通过试验表明,干切削奥氏体不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti,切削速度在0.33 m/s左右,摩擦系数μ最大,积屑瘤最高,切屑变形系数_l和切削力F_z最小,且与切削速度量驼峰性规律变化;随走刀量增加_l和μ有规律地减小,F_z增加;随前角γ_o增大μ增大而_l及F(?)却有规律地减小;给出用“量纲分析-二次通用旋转组合设计”综合试验法求得的计算切削力的经验公式: F_z=8.65×10~(12)α_p~(0.202+0.215nv)f~(-0.92+0.071nα)_pV~(-1.74),N。     

冷轧低碳钢快速加热过程中的相变规律

以两种不同成分冷轧低碳钢为研究对象,利用Gleeble-3800热/力模拟实验机,研究了冷轧低碳钢在快速加热条件下,加热速度、化学成分对加热过程中相变规律的影响及连续加热过程中奥氏体晶粒尺寸的演变.研究结果表明,随着加热速度的增加(5~500℃/s),实验钢相变点的升高趋势先快后慢,100℃/s为转折点.在连续加热过程中存在奥氏体晶粒异常长大的温度转折点,为1 050℃;在850~950℃范围内,奥氏体平均晶粒尺寸均小于5μm;添加微合金元素有利于细化奥氏体晶粒.研究结果为利用快速加热、短时保温的方法获得冷轧超细晶钢提供了参考依据.