2012年秋季北京地区啮齿类实验动物健康状况的病理学调查和分析

随着现代科技的发展,实验动物在多方面起着越来越重要的作用。2012年10月,本实验室参与了北京市实验动物管理办公室组织的北京市啮齿类实验动物健康状况调查。采集心、肝、脾、肺、肾、大肠和小肠进行组织病理学观察,通过石蜡切片HE染色、冰冻切片油红O染色、PAS染色等方法对啮齿类实验动物的健康状况进行鉴定。结果显示,部分动物肝脏表现出不同程度的肝细胞肿胀、轻度肺脏病变,少数表现出肾脏管型、肾小囊腔蛋白样物质渗出和大肠寄生虫感染,但是啮齿类实验动物总体水平属健康状况。以上病变的出现可能与动物的生存环境、饲料营养成分和运输处死过程中的应激有关。     

Plant-Derived Natural Products as Lead Agents against Common Respiratory Diseases

Never has the world been more challenged by respiratory diseases (RDs) than it has witnessed in the last few decades. This is evident in the plethora of acute and chronic respiratory conditions, ranging from asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, pneumonia, influenza, and more recently, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease. Unfortunately, the emergence of drug-resistant strains of pathogens, drug toxicity and side effects are drawbacks to effective chemotherapeutic management of RDs; hence, our focus on natural sources because of their unique chemical diversities and novel therapeutic applications. This review provides a summary on some common RDs, their management strategies, and the prospect of plant-derived natural products in the search for new drugs against common respiratory diseases.     

Dissection of SARS Coronavirus Spike Protein into Discrete Folded Fragments

Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), which is the causative agent of the atypical pneumonia, was first identified in the fall of 2002 to be a previously unknown member of the family of coronaviruses[1]. The rapid transmis…     

Anthocyanins as Key Phytochemicals Acting for the Prevention of Metabolic Diseases: An Overview

Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments present in fruits and vegetables, which render them an extensive range of colors. They have a wide distribution in the human diet, are innocuous, and, based on numerous studies, have supposed preventive and therapeutical benefits against chronic affections such as inflammatory, neurological, cardiovascular, digestive disorders, diabetes, and cancer, mostly due to their antioxidant action. Despite their great potential as pharmaceutical applications, they have a rather limited use because of their rather low stability to environmental variations. Their absorption was noticed to occur best in the stomach and small intestine, but the pH fluctuation of the digestive system impacts their rapid degradation. Urine excretion and tissue distribution also occur at low rates. The aim of this review is to highlight the chemical characteristics of anthocyanins and emphasize their weaknesses regarding bioavailability. It also targets to deliver an update on the recent advances in the involvement of anthocyanins in different pathologies with a focus on in vivo, in vitro, animal, and human clinical trials.     

基于分形网络的人呼吸系统气体传输模型

基于呼吸系统的分形特性,提出了气体在人呼吸系统中传输的数值模拟模型.研究了人呼吸系统分形结构的传输特性.根据串联、并联网络原理和Darcy定律.建立了基于分形网络的呼吸系统等效渗透率计算模型.分形网络模型用于描述人呼吸系统气体传输的机理.采用数值方法分析了分形参数对等效渗透率的影响.研究表明:人呼吸系统的等效渗透率随着比例因子β的增加而增加,随着比例因子γ的增加而降低.推导出入呼吸系统的最优分叉数M=2.呼吸系统的优化分形结构使得系统的能量消耗最低.     

川麦冬生产中存在的问题及建议

对川麦冬在中药现代化进程中的生产环节中存在的问题进行了分析,尤其是对GAP基地中如何进行"安全、高产、稳定、可控"的原料生产提出了建议.     

综合呼吸功能训练对肺癌患者术后康复的影响

目的 观察综合呼吸功能训练对肺癌患者术后康复的促进作用.方法 选择85例择期手术治疗的周围型肺癌患者为研究对象,按护理方式分为对照组和观察组.对照组术后给予常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上给予围手术期综合呼吸功能训练,比较观察两组患者胸导管留置时间、引流量和术后住院时间;两组患者肺功能恢复情况(指标FEV1、FVC、PEFR);两组患者术后呼吸系统并发症发生率.结果 与对照组比较,观察组患者胸导管留置时间、引流量以及术后住院时间明显减少,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);观察组患者呼吸系统并发症发生率与对照组比较明显降低,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);观察组患者肺功能恢复情况优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 围手术期综合呼吸功能训练能够缩短患者住院时间,减少肺癌患者术后并发症发生,促进肺功能恢复,值得临床推广应用.     

口腔益生菌的研究现状

口腔是一个复杂而完整的微生态系统。生活方式、外源性致病菌等外源因子可扰乱口腔微生物组与其宿主之间的共生关系引发龋齿、牙周炎、牙龈炎、口臭等口腔疾病。益生菌是一类活的并对人类机体局部或全身性健康都具有有益作用的微生物。传统上,益生菌被广泛用于功能性食品、医药保健、饲料等各个领域,最常见的用途是治疗或预防胃肠道感染和疾病,改善肠道健康。近十年,各种研究表明益生菌可通过抑制致病菌生长,改善口腔微生物菌群,调节口腔免疫力等方式对各种口腔疾病产生积极的防治效果。作为一种新兴的机体健康维护概念,维护口腔健康的益生菌及其作用机制日益受到国内外学者的密切关注,综述了口腔益生菌在常见口腔疾病中的潜在作用机制,阐述了利用口腔益生菌在防治口腔疾病时所面临的重要问题,同时在口腔益生菌未来的发展趋势和开发方向等方面剖析如何更好地利用口腔益生菌驱动健康食品产业发展,以期为口腔益生菌的深入研究及其在食品工业中的开发应用提供相应参考。     

Surfactant-mediated wetting and spreading: Recent advances and applications

Surfactant-mediated wetting and spreading are ubiquitous. Understanding of these phenomena in-depth allows precise tailoring of wetting performance which can contribute to global challenges in the food supply chain, healthcare, ecology and industrial processes. The first part of this review shows how surfactants can be used to improve the efficacy of fertilisers and pesticides in agriculture, enhanced oil recovery, treatment of lung diseases and extinguishing fires involving flammable liquids. The second part provides analysis of recent studies on wetting and spreading over solid substrates. It includes discussion on the effect of surfactants on the outcome of the impact of liquid drops, the wetting state after impact, autophobic effect and spreading kinetics for both partial and complete wetting, including superspreading. Perspectives of future development in the area of surfactant-assisted wetting and spreading on solid substrates are outlined.     

Astaxanthin and its Effects in Inflammatory Responses and Inflammation-Associated Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Directions

Astaxanthin is a natural lipid-soluble and red-orange carotenoid. Due to its strong antioxidant property, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immune modulation, astaxanthin has gained growing interest as a multi-target pharmacological agent against various diseases. In the current review, the anti-inflammation mechanisms of astaxanthin involved in targeting for inflammatory biomarkers and multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, Nrf2, NF-κB, ERK1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, and JAK-2/STAT-3, have been described. Furthermore, the applications of anti-inflammatory effects of astaxanthin in neurological diseases, diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, hepatic and renal diseases, eye and skin disorders, are highlighted. In addition to the protective effects of astaxanthin in various chronic and acute diseases, we also summarize recent advances for the inconsistent roles of astaxanthin in infectious diseases, and give our view that the exact function of astaxanthin in response to different pathogen infection and the potential protective effects of astaxanthin in viral infectious diseases should be important research directions in the future.