Exciton lifetime in quantum well with vicinal high-density excitons

Radiative lifetime of an exciton in a GaAs quantum well (QW) is controlled by high-density excitons, which restrict the exciton coherence through scattering. In order to circumvent the phase space filling effect of high-density excitons, we have prepared a QW structure in such a way that a reservoir for high-density excitons is separated from the QW. The lifetime increases (up to 30%) with the exciton density in the reservoir and saturates at 1×10¹⁷/cm³. The upper bound lifetime is determined by the excitonic relative motion.     

多基色LED的照明通信光源显色性研究

可见光无线通信(visible light communication,VLC)是将LED照明技术和光通信技术相结合的一种新兴技术。针对目前LED照明通信光源显色性差、光效低且色温不可调等问题,依据多基色LED白光通信原理进行了相关研究,以Yoshi等提出的高斯分布形式作为基色LED的光谱模型,利用国际照明委员会(CIE)推荐的一般显色指数(R_a)和美国国家标准与技术研究所(National Institute of Standards and Technology,NIST)推荐的一般色质指数(Q_a)评价光源的显色性。采用遗传算法,在2 700~6 500 K色温范围内优化出单个色温以及色温可调光源满足显色性最优的光谱组合,并基于R_a和Q_a大于80的原则优化出色温可调光源光视效能(luminous efficacy of radiation,LER)最优化的光谱组合。最后根据实验结果分析了光源的显色性、光视效能和色温可调性三者之间的关系。结果表明：三基色色温可调白光LED满足显色性最优的峰值波长组合为613 nm/541 nm/464 nm,此时R_a和Q_a的最小值分别为81.2和81,可以满足一般条件下的照明通信需求;四基色色温可调白光LED满足显色性最优的峰值波长组合为620 nm/562 nm/505 nm/449 nm,此时R_a和Q_a的最小值分别为96.7和92.2。在特殊照明场所或要求较高的通信速率时,应采用四基色白光LED作为照明通信光源。仿真得到了三基色和四基色白光LED的最佳光谱组合,为宽通道可见光通信光源的设计提供了参考依据。     

原子与热库相互作用系统中的三体纠缠特性

利用Ket-Bra纠缠态方法,求解了原子与热库相互作用系统中的密度矩阵主方程,得到了密度矩阵的演化表达式.考虑三个二能级原子独立与热库相互作用的情况,利用负本征值度量三体纠缠,研究了系统中原子间的三体纠缠特性.采用数值计算方法,讨论了热库平均光子数和原子自发辐射率对原子间三体纠缠特性的影响.研究结果表明:随原子自发辐射率和热库平均光子数的增大,原子间的三体纠缠衰减加快.     

Experimental and LES investigation of premixed methane/air flame propagating in a tube with a thin obstacle

In this paper, an experimental and numerical investigation of premixed methane/air flame dynamics in a closed combustion vessel with a thin obstacle is described. In the experiment, high-speed video photography and a pressure transducer are used to study the flame shape changes and pressure dynamics. In the numerical simulation, four sub-grid scale viscosity models and three sub-grid scale combustion models are evaluated for their individual prediction compared with the experimental data. High-speed photographs show that the flame propagation process can be divided into five stages: spherical flame, finger-shaped flame, jet flame, mushroom-shaped flame and bidirectional propagation flame. Compared with the other sub-grid scale viscosity models and sub-grid scale combustion models, the dynamic Smagorinsky–Lilly model and the power-law flame wrinkling model are better able to predict the flame behaviour, respectively. Thus, coupling the dynamic Smagorinsky–Lilly model and the power-law flame wrinkling model, the numerical results demonstrate that flame shape change is a purely hydrodynamic phenomenon, and the mushroom-shaped flame and bidirectional propagation flame are the result of flame–vortex interaction. In addition, the transition from “corrugated flamelets” to “thin reaction zones” is observed in the simulation.     

基于尺度质心统计的纹理分析

结合目前纹理分析的三类算法,提出了尺度质心统计的分析算法。该算法以具有多分辨率特性的小波包为基础,结合结构法的纹理元分析方式,采用区域质心完成局部特征提取,最后使用投影法进行整体的特征提取。实验证明,尺度质心统计取得了令人满意的纹理分析效果。     

A large hydrothermal reservoir beneath Taal Volcano (Philippines) revealed by magnetotelluric observations and its implications to the volcanic activity

Taal Volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines. The magnetotelluric 3D forward analyses indicate the existence of a large high resistivity anomaly (∼100 Ω·m) with a volume of at least 3 km × 3 km × 3 km, which is capped by a conductive layer (∼10 Ω·m), beneath the Main Crater. This high resistivity anomaly is hypothesized to be a large hydrothermal reservoir, consisting of the aggregate of interconnected cracks in rigid and dense host rocks, which are filled with hydrothermal fluids coming from a magma batch below the reservoir. The hydrothermal fluids are considered partly in gas phase and liquid phase. The presence of such a large hydrothermal reservoir and the stagnant magma below may have influences on the volcano’s activity. Two possibilities are presented. First, the 30 January 1911 explosion event was a magmatic hydrothermal eruption rather than a base-surge associated with a phreato-magmatic eruption. Second, the earlier proposed four eruption series may be better interpreted by two cycles, each consisting of series of summit and flank eruptions.     

Size effects on tensile and fatigue behaviour of polycrystalline metal foils at the micrometer scale

Tensile and fatigue properties of as-rolled and annealed polycrystalline Cu foils with different thicknesses at the micrometer scale were investigated. Uniaxial tensile testing results showed that with decreasing foil thickness the uniform elongation decreases for both as-rolled and annealed foils, whereas the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increase for as-rolled foils, but decrease for the annealed foils. For both the as-rolled or annealed foils, bending fatigue resistance decreases with decreasing the foil thickness. Deformation and fatigue damage behaviour of the free-standing foils were characterised as a function of foil thickness. In addition, the fatigue strength of various small-scale Cu foils was compared to understand the physical mechanisms of size effects on mechanical properties of the metallic material at micrometer scales.     

高功率激光驱动器中小尺度自聚焦和噪声模型

 建立了一套线性的近似分析方法，研究高功率激光驱动器中强激光传输的小尺度自聚焦效应和相位噪声对光束传输和光束质量的影响，给出了系统噪声强度、B积分值与光束近场调制对比度之间的定量关系。研究表明,为保证输出光束质量，即近场调制对比度小于给定值，系统内的噪声强度必须符合一定的谱分布。     

小型冷库液体冷媒融霜系统的研究

研究了液体冷媒融霜系统应用于小型冷库制冷系统的性能;介绍了液体冷媒融霜原理和控制操作过程、液体冷媒融霜实验的装置和方法;对实验结果进行了分析;重点通过库温变化、蒸发器进出口温度压力变化、过冷度对系统的影响、系统COP几个方面,研究了液体冷媒融霜应用于小型冷库制冷系统的性能。     

不同地区大气光学湍流内外尺度测量

 用光学湍流参数自动测量系统对内陆地区和沿海地区光学湍流内外尺度进行了大量的实验观测。分析了湍流尺度的日变化规律,给出了其频数分布。结果表明：两地内尺度的均值为十几mm,外尺度的均值约为2 m;内陆地区内尺度日变化趋势较为复杂,而外尺度的日变化趋势与湍流强度十分相似;沿海地区内外尺度与湍流强度均无明显关系。大气湍流尺度的大小和分布状态是随时间和空间变化的,因此,在估算实际大气湍流对光学系统的影响时,需要实测湍流尺度以便得到准确的结果。