Isotropic continuum damage/repair model for alveolar bone remodeling

Several authors have proposed mechanical models to predict long term tooth movement, considering both the tooth and its surrounding bone tissue as isotropic linear elastic materials coupled to either an adaptative elasticity behavior or an update of the elasticity constants with density evolution. However, tooth movements obtained through orthodontic appliances result from a complex biochemical process of bone structure and density adaptation to its mechanical environment, called bone remodeling. This process is far from linear reversible elasticity. It leads to permanent deformations due to biochemical actions. The proposed biomechanical constitutive law, inspired from Doblaré and García (2002) [30], is based on a elasto-viscoplastic material coupled with Continuum isotropic Damage Mechanics (Doblaré and García (2002) [30] considered only the case of a linear elastic material coupled with damage). The considered damage variable is not actual damage of the tissue but a measure of bone density. The damage evolution law therefore implies a density evolution. It is here formulated as to be used explicitly for alveolar bone, whose remodeling cells are considered to be triggered by the pressure state applied to the bone matrix. A 2D model of a tooth submitted to a tipping movement, is presented. Results show a reliable qualitative prediction of bone density variation around a tooth submitted to orthodontic forces.     

血液动力学因素对血管重建的影响

应力作用下血管的生长与重建是生物力学最具活力的生长点之一。文中旨在评述近年来国内外关于血液动力学因素对血管重建的影响的研究进展，展望未来应力作用与血管重建关系的研究思路和研究重点。最新研究表明，血管系统一生都在进行重建。血管重建正被视为动脉粥样硬化、高血庄的发病机理的内在因素。血液动力学因素在血管重建中起着重要的作用，它们通过影响内皮细胞的形态、骨架结构、迁移、增殖和凋亡，影响脂蛋白和其它大分子物质在血管壁的吸收和代谢，调节血管活性物质的合成、分泌及表达等。进而影响血管的结构和功能重建。今后重点在于采用多种离体和在体的实验模型，模拟多种力、复杂流动对血管重建的影响，研究血管在应力作用下结构和功能重建所依据的分子生物学基础和启动血管重建的剪应力反应元件的内在机制。     

支气管哮喘气道重塑的研究进展

目的：综述哮喘气道重塑的调控机制及治疗等方面的研究进展。方法：光盘检索有关文献．归纳综合整理。结果：早期吸入激素可以影响气道重塑的发生，联合β-2激动剂及中医药的综合治疗提供了新的治疗途径，气道重塑的有效治疗应该是直接作用于与重塑发生有关的各个环节的新疗法。结论：气道重塑是支气管哮喘的重要特征。     

Un modèle viscoélastique de remodelage osseux : approche unidimensionnelleA viscoelastic model of bone remodeling: unidimensional approach

A bone remodeling model taking into account the viscoelastic properties of the material is proposed. The nonlinear equations governing the evolution of the bone apparent density are solved by a finite difference method in the unidimensional case of a n-unit elements model. The results show the effects of the viscous damping on the structure for a controlled mechanical loading. To cite this article: S. Baïotto, M. Zidi, C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

Molecular Mechanisms of Anticancer Activity of N-Glycosides of Indolocarbazoles LCS-1208 and LCS-1269

Novel indolocarbazole derivatives named LCS were synthesized by our research group. Two of them were selected as the most active anticancer agents in vivo. We studied the mechanisms of anticancer activity in accordance with the previously described effects of indolocarbazoles. Cytotoxicity was estimated by MTT assay. We analyzed LCS-DNA interactions by circular dichroism in cholesteric liquid crystals and fluorescent indicator displacement assay. The effect on the activity of topoisomerases I and II was studied by DNA relaxation assay. Expression of interferon signaling target genes was estimated by RT-PCR. Chromatin remodeling was analyzed–the effect on histone H1 localization and reactivation of epigenetically silenced genes. LCS-induced change in the expression of a wide gene set was counted by means of PCR array. Our study revealed the cytotoxic activity of the compounds against 11 cancer cell lines and it was higher than in immortalized cells. Both compounds bind DNA; binding constants were estimated—LCS-1208 demonstrated higher affinity than LCS-1269; it was shown that LCS-1208 intercalates into DNA that is typical for rebeccamycin derivatives. LCS-1208 also inhibits topoisomerases I and IIα. Being a strong intercalator and topoisomerase inhibitor, LCS-1208 upregulates the expression of interferon-induced genes. In view of LCSs binding to DNA we analyzed their influence on chromatin stability and revealed that LCS-1269 displaces histone H1. Our analysis of chromatin remodeling also included a wide set of epigenetic experiments in which LCS-1269 demonstrated complex epigenetic activity. Finally, we revealed that the antitumor effect of the compounds is based not only on binding to DNA and chromatin remodeling but also on alternative mechanisms. Both compounds induce expression changes in genes involved in neoplastic transformation and target genes of the signaling pathways in cancer cells. Despite of being structurally similar, each compound has unique biological activities. The effects of LCS-1208 are associated with intercalation. The mechanisms of LCS-1269 include influence on higher levels such as chromatin remodeling and epigenetic effects.     

白花前胡提取液抗慢性压力超负荷大鼠心肌细胞凋亡研究

目的:探讨白花前胡抗心力衰竭疗效及可能机制.方法:用腹主动脉缩窄法建立慢性超负荷大鼠心衰模型,比较白花前胡提取液对心衰大鼠心脏系数、血压、心肌细胞凋亡率及凋亡相关基因的影响,并与依拉普利比较.结果:Pd-E能剂量相关性降低心衰大鼠的心脏系数、血压及凋亡率,显著改善肥大心肌细胞凋亡相关基因的表达,疗效与依拉普利基本相当.结论:白花前胡提取液可抑制心肌重塑,对心衰发挥生物学治疗作用.     

慢性心力衰竭兔心室结构重构对心电生理功能产生的影响及意义

目的 探讨慢性心力衰竭(CHF)兔心室结构重构对心电生理功能的影响及意义.方法 雄性新西兰兔32只,随机分为对照组(n=15)和CHF组(n=17),CHF组采用经兔耳静脉注射异丙肾上腺素(ISO)制备CHF模型,最终造模成功15只.对照组给予相同体积的0.9％生理盐水,最终12只进入实验.采用超声心动图监测两组兔M型...     

北五味子多糖对异丙肾上腺素致大鼠心室重构的保护作用

目的观察北五味子多糖(Schisandra chinensis polysaccride,SCP)抗异丙肾上腺素(Isoproterenol,ISO)诱导的心室重构作用并探讨其作用机制.方法异丙肾上腺素皮下注射致心室重构模型,经SCP低、中、高(25,50,100 mg/kg)3个剂量组和阳性对照卡托普利(50 mg/kg)治疗后,观察其对心肌病理学改变、心室重量(HW/BW)和心室重量指数(LVI)、羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量、Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原含量及Western blot技术检测心肌组织中TGF-β1表达的影响.结果 SCP不同剂量组均能降低HW/BW和LVI(P0.05或P0.01),降低羟脯氨酸含量(P0.05或P0.01)),降低心肌组织中Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原含量(P0.05或P0.01或P0.001),减轻TGF-β1在心肌组织中的表达(P0.05或P0.01或P0.001),抑制心室重构.结论 SCP能够通过抑制TGF-β1的表达来对抗ISO诱导的大鼠心室重构.     

冲击荷载作用下饱和粉土孔压发展规律及液化特性研究

对四川三溪村滑坡地区的覆盖层粉土进行试验研究,在循环周期荷载作用下通过改变振动频率等主观因素,分析其饱和重塑粉土液化特性.通过改变外界条件,包括围压、动应力以及振动频率等多个因素,研究饱和粉土的孔压变化,进而分析在不同冲击荷载作用下,粉土的液化程度.试验结果表明,在振动频率为5 Hz时,粉土极易发生液化,当频率在其他范围时则明显看出其液化程度降低;在同一围压下,粉土孔压随动荷载的增大呈现出逐渐降低的趋势,其液化程度逐渐降低.