铜中杂质成分标准物质的研制

介绍铜中9种杂质成分标准物质的研制方法。以1号纯铜为基体，配入硫、铁、铅、锌、镍、铋、锑、磷、砷及锡共10种杂质成分，采用雾化喷粉加工工艺，保证了样品的均匀性。对样品表面作了抗氧化保护处理。采取多家实验室协作定值的方式对除砷外的9种杂质成分进行定值。5年的跟踪检验结果表明，该标准物质稳定性良好。     

微量元素对胎儿发育影响的临床研究

为了解小于胎龄儿的血锌、铜、铅的变化 ,对 3 8例小于胎龄儿 (其中 1 2例有先天缺陷 )进行了血锌、铜、铅三种微量元素检测 ,并与 3 1例健康足月适于胎龄儿比较。结果表明 ,3 8例小于胎龄儿血锌、铜、铅结果分别为 49 4± 1 9 88μmol/L、 1 0 7± 3 3 μmol/L、 1 5± 0 83 μmol/L ;与正常对照组 (分别为 62 3 9± 1 5 2 9μmol/L、 1 1 0 2± 1 73 μmol/L、 0 82± 0 3 9μmol/L)比较 ,血锌明显低于正常组 ,t=-2 88,P <0 0 1 ;血铅明显高于对照组 ,t =4 6,P <0 0 1 ,有显著性差异。两组血铜无明显差异。小于胎龄儿血锌降低 ,血铅增高 ,而且其先天性缺陷者占3 5 .5 8% ,证明胎儿的低锌高铅状态对其生长发育有重要影响。     

微量元素锌促进儿童生长发育临床研究

报道以微量元素锌治疗缺锌患儿１１８例并与１１４例作对照观察．结果发现，衡量生长发育与营养的敏感指标：身高、体重、血清白蛋白及血色素等参数，治疗组比对照组都显著提高（Ｐ值＜０．０１）．证明锌制剂对缺锌儿童有显著的促进生长发育及改善营养状态作用，作者并对锌的作用机理作了论述．     

铁缺乏症对婴幼儿智能发育的影响

为分析铁缺乏症(IDD)对婴幼儿智能发育的影响，随机抽取了6个月至3岁婴幼儿200例，按有否铁缺乏分组，比较了其与智能的关系。结果表明，铁缺乏症检出率为17．5％，铁缺乏组婴幼儿智能发育商(DQ)明显下降，与正常组比较差异有显著性，铁缺乏程度越重，DQ值越低。可见铁缺乏症对婴幼儿大脑发育造成不良影响，对该症无贫血阶段及轻度缺铁性贫血期(IDA)应予重视。     

便携式温度计校验仪的研制

介绍便携式温度计校验仪的工作原理及研制过程。对该仪器的恒温槽体机械结构、制冷器和散热器的设计、恒温槽体温度测量及控制等进行了详细叙述。该仪器提供的温度场稳定、均匀，在-20～100℃范围内可任意设定温度。解决了温度计现场快速校准的问题。     

Degradation-fragmentation of marine plastic waste and their environmental implications: A critical review

This review critically evaluates the plastic accumulation challenges and their environmental (primarily) and human (secondarily) impacts. It also emphasizes on their degradation and fragmentation phenomena under marine conditions. In addition, it takes into account the leachability of the various chemical substances (additives) embedded in plastic products to improve their polymeric properties and extend their life. Regardless of their effectiveness in enhancing the polymeric function of plastic products, these additives can potentially contaminate air, soil, food, and water. Several findings have shown that, regardless of their types and sizes, plastics can be degraded and/or fragmented under marine conditions. Therefore, the estimation of fragmentation and degradation rates via a reliable developed model is required to better understand the marine environmental status. The main parameter, which is responsible for initiating the fragmentation of plastics, is sunlight/UV radiation. Yet, UV- radiation alone is not enough to fragment some plastic polymer types under marine conditions, additional factors are needed such as mechanical abrasion. It should be also mentioned that most current studies on plastic degradation and fragmentation centered on the primary stages of degradation. Thus, further studies are needed to better understand these phenomena and to identify their fate and environmental effects.     

含氟β-氨基酸及其衍生物的合成进展

含氟β-氨基酸及其衍生物具有特殊的生理活性, 其合成方法的研究近年来受到广泛关注. 以直接氟化法和间接氟化法分类, 概述了含氟β-氨基酸及其衍生物的合成方法及最新研究进展, 对一些已知化合物的生理活性及药用价值作了初步归纳.     

色谱分析发展简史及其给我们的启示

简要回顾了色谱分析技术的发展史，厘清了某些中文文献中的不妥表述。通过分析色谱发展过程中的几个重要突破，总结了在科学技术创新方面给我们的启示：（1）基础研究始终是色谱技术进步的源泉；（2）社会发展的需求是各种色谱方法创新的驱动力；（3）学科交叉是色谱分析技术创新的重要途径；（4）不懈坚持和勇于探索是科学技术创新的必要条件。最后对色谱发展的前景作了展望。     

物理有机化学的现状和在我国的进展

本文评述了当前物理有机化学各个主要领域的研究工作,指出物理有机化学是甚为重要的基础学科,数十年来在深度和广度两方面皆有很大的发展。回顾了我国第一届和第二届物理有机讨论会情况,扼要地介绍了物理有机化学在我国的主要进展。     

Expert systems for method development and validation in HPLC

ESCA, Expert Systems Applied to Chemical Analysis, started its research in March 1987, with the aim of building prototype expert systems for HPLC method development. Results of this research have been published as the work has progressed. The project is now completed and this paper summarises some of the overall project conclusions. Seven different expert systems have been built which tackle problems throughout the process of method development, four stand-alone systems and three integrated systems. The object of ESCA was to evaluate the applicability of expert system technology to analytical chemistry and not all the systems were built for commercial uses. Many of the systems tackle problems specific to one or more of the partners and thus may not be useful outside this environment. However, the results of the work are still pertinent to analysts wishing to build their own systems. These results are described, however, the emphasis of the paper is on those systems developed for method validation.Method validation for HPLC is a complex task which requires many characteristics of the method to be tested, e.g. accuracy, precision, etc. The expert systems built within ESCA concern the validation of precision. Two systems were developed for repeatability testing and ruggedness testing. The method validation process can be divided into several discrete stages, these include: (1) The selection of the method feature to test, for instance which factors can influence the ruggedness of a method. (2) The definition of a test procedure, for instance an efficient statistical design. (3) The execution of experiments and the interpretation of results. (4) A diagnosis of any observed problem. This paper describes these two systems in some detail and summarises some of the results obtained from their evaluation. It concludes that expert systems can be useful in solving analytical problems and the integration of several expert systems can provide extremely powerful tools for the analyst.