华北克拉通恒山地区晚太古代变质火山岩的地球化学特征及构造意义

对恒山地区出露的变质火山岩开展岩相学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究,旨在确定其形成时代,探讨岩石成因及地球动力学意义。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,这些变质火山岩喷发于新太古代晚期(2508±20Ma)。地球化学分析结果显示,恒山变质火山岩由变质玄武岩和变质玄武安山岩组成,SiO₂(45.51%～62.67%)、FeO_T (4.43%～15.72%)和MgO (3.75%～8.14%)含量变化幅度大,是幔源岩浆经单斜辉石、角闪石和磁铁矿分离结晶的产物。这些变质火山岩富集轻稀土(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损重稀土(HREE)和高场强元素(HFSE),具有相对高的Th含量和Th/Yb比值,呈现钙碱性岛弧火山岩的特征。结合不相容元素比值Nb/Yb,Zr/Yb和(Nb/La)_N的特点,推测其来源于俯冲带具流体交代特征的富集地幔源区。结合区域构造背景,推断恒山变质火山岩形成于新太古晚期大陆弧环境。     

胶东-辽东-朝鲜巨型金矿集中区的分离

胶东、辽东、朝鲜北部三区在地质上表现出了极大的相似性和稳定性。它们不但在元古代地层上可以相互对比,而且还有着一个统一的硼的地球化学省,在大地构造单元上也可以相互衔接。三区可以拼合为一个整体,使辽东的丹东金矿区、朝北的平安北道金矿区和胶东的招掖金矿区正好合成一个完整的整体,构成了一个巨大的金矿集中区。这个巨型金矿集中区是在统一的古陆块上由同一成因作用形成的,后因大陆的张裂和离散被分离。文中对它的分离机制和过程进行了探讨。     

空间听觉与虚拟听觉空间的计算机仿真

一些科学工作者对人类以及动物听觉的自由声场至耳膜的传递函数进行了测量,他们发现在宽带信号激励的情况下,不同频率分量之间的幅度差异是与声源的方向有关的,这一发现已被用于展现“真实”的三维听觉,称作虚拟听觉空间仿真。     

Local minima of the trust region problem

We consider the minimization of a quadratic formzVz+2zq subject to the two-norm constraint z=. The problem received considerable attention in the literature, notably due to its applications to a class of trust region methods in nonlinear optimization. While the previous studies were concerned with just the global minimum of the problem, we investigate the existence of all local minima. The problem is approached via the dual Lagrangian, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of all local minima are derived. We also examine the suitability of the conventional numerical techniques used to solve the problem to a class of single-instruction multiple-data computers known as processor arrays (in our case, AMT DAP 610). Simultaneously, we introduce certain hardware-oriented multisection algorithms, showing their efficiency in the case of small to medium size problems.This research was partially supported by the National Physical Laboratories of England under Contract RTP2/155/127.     

雷达辐射源信号双谱二次特征提取方法

现有的双谱特征提取方法可以满足信号分类识别，但是出现了交叉项、平凡双谱以及特征维数过高等一些问题。针对以上问题，提出一种双谱二次特征提取方法，将双谱转化为灰度图像，以灰度值表示双谱幅度；再利用图像处理技术提取双谱二次特征，提取出能够表征辐射源信号双谱图像纹理信息的灰度共生矩阵特征集；将该特征集与Hu-不变矩特征集进行对比实验。仿真结果表明：该方法具有更好的分类识别性能，对于CW、LFM和NLFM信号的平均识别率均达90%以上。     

Chapter 15 DEA/AR analysis of the 1988–1989 performance of the Nanjing textiles corporation

This article employs new data envelopment analysis/assurance region (DEA/AR) methods to evaluate the efficiency of the 35 textile factories of the Nanjing Textiles Corporation (NTC), Nanjing, China. The returns to scale (RTS) of these factories were studied without assuming that the optimal DEA solutions were unique. All DMUs are identified with pointsE (Extreme Efficient),E (Efficient but not an extreme point) andF (Frontier but not efficient). We then further identify the nonfrontier DMUs with pointsNE, NE andNF according to whether they are projected onto a point inE, E, orF en route to evaluating their performances. All of the inefficient factories were in classNF and had unique optimal primal-dual solution pairs. Consequently, the solution pairs satisfy the strong complementary slackness condition (SCSC). Application of cone-ratio (CR) ARs reduced significantly the number of factories in classE, and showed that some AR-efficient factories were more flexible in adopting the mixture of central planning and market economies that China currently is trying to use. Also, linked-cone (LC) ARs were applied to measure maximum and minimum profit ratios. The SCSC multiplier space approach was utilized to analyze the sensitivity of the efficiency results to potential errors in the data with and without ARs. The results in this article suggest that collective units had a better performance than state-owned units in the two consecutive years analyzed.This paper was written while the author was at the School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, P.R. China.     

Critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau

Scientific evidence for the upper limit of farmland is proposed. Shallow gully erosion is one of erosion types distributed extensively on sloping farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau. Field observation and aerial photos interpretation, as well as laboratory experiments show that the shallow gully erosion occurring on the steeper farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau is an important factor leading to intensive erosion on slope, because of its extensive distribution and intensive runoff collection. The data on the formation, development and distribution of shallow gullies on sloping farmland indicate that critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation ranges from 15 to 20 degrees with an average of 18.2 degrees. Therefore, it is suggested that critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau should be kept within the critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation to prevent shallow gully formation in order to control soil loss more effectively. But as the first step, the cultivation on the slopes with slope larger than 25 degrees where the maximum erosion occurs should be strictly forbidden.     

基于神经网络的眼底视杯图象分割技术

根据眼底图象中视杯的边沿特征,提出了一种基于ＢＰ神经网络的视杯分割方法,详述了这种方法的实现过程,并研究了ＢＰ学习算法的加速问题．实验证明,这种方法的分割效果较好．     

关于运城地区发展经济林的反思

优越的农业自然条件使运城地区成为山西省重要的粮棉生产基地。但近年来经济林的迅速发展使果树栽植面积几乎占到耕地总面积的1／4。尽管平原地区广种经济林具有一定的经济效益与环境效益,但它却违背了合理利用土地的原则,若不及早采取有力措施加以控制,我国将会潜伏粮食危机,种植业的可持续发展将会受到严重影响。     

视觉伺服系统中的最优控制律的探讨

通过建立视觉反馈系统的模型和视觉伺服的公式化模型,对特征信息法作理论公式的推导,讨论线性模型的稳定性和可控性,推导最优控制律．