污泥干燥速度曲线的分形维数分析

污泥的干燥速度变化是干燥过程中水分运动的宏观表现，对内部微观的传热传质动力学机制有重要揭示。利用功率谱分析对实验所得间接式加热的污泥干燥速度变化进行分形和混沌特性的判别，并提出Hausdorff维数和整体盒维数的计算方法，以分析其分形规律。通过判断得知，污泥的干燥速度变化具有分形特性。速度变化的Hausdofff维数随参数N值的增大而增大，但波动范围变小，且随着干燥过程进行，其值逐渐减小．另一种反映整体变化的维数——盒维数可以采用变换法计算得出，可用于判别干燥过程的整体分形特性。2种方法所得维数显示，污泥种类和干燥温度等对干燥速度变化的分形均有较大影响。     

内循环厌氧反应器的污泥颗粒化过程

污泥颗粒化是高效厌氧反应器的核心技术。为准确掌握反应器的颗粒化规律,定量研究了内循环厌氧反应器中以颗粒污泥碎片为核的污泥颗粒化过程。在文中试验条件下,第48d污泥颗粒化程度(SGR)达到73%,大大缩短了颗粒化时间,且该段时间内SGR的对数与颗粒化时间线性相关性良好。试验结果表明,较高的有机负荷及其产生的较高的水力剪切力有利于污泥的颗粒化过程;若无干扰,颗粒化过程可按照对数颗粒化期、减速颗粒化期和稳定期3个阶段进行。     

Optimizing Conditions of Enhancing Granule Sludge Concentration and Performance

An expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB） reactor was adopted to study the influence factors and rule of enhancing granular sludge concentration and performance. The experiment was performed at 33 ℃, pH 6.0-8.0 with continuous flow by adding proper quantity of nutritional trace elements. The results show that SLR was the key of steady operation of EGSB reactor. The increment of the granular sludge was influenced by volume loading rate （VLR）, liquid up-flow velocity and sludge loading rate （SLR）. Concentration of granular sludge increased rapidly when liquid up-flow velocity was over 0.94 m · h^-1 with SLR being at 1.0-2.0 d ^-1. With the propriety parameters： liquid up-flow velocity 2.52 m · h^-1, SLR 1.0-2.2 d^-1 and VLR 8.2-13.1 kg · m ^3 · d^-1, 23 days＇ continuous operation resulted in an increment by over 80% of granular sludge concentration in the EGSB reactor, plus good granular sludge property.     

城市脱水污泥厌氧堆肥研究

针对城市脱水污泥采取静态高温厌氧堆肥试验,进行污泥资源化的研究,为中试生产提供技术依据.结果表明,脱水污泥在14天内基本达到腐熟,基本实现了城市脱水污泥的快速、高效厌氧堆肥.因此,厌氧堆肥处理后的污泥中重金属除铜外均不超过《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》(GB4284-84),可作为园林肥料.     

有机污泥与水处理残渣混施对冬小麦根系特征的影响

虽然水处理残渣与有机污泥混施可以减少土壤P过量积累以及P对地表和地下水的污染.但随着水处理残渣施用量增大,又有可能导致土壤P不足或对植物的铝毒作用.本研究通过对植物根系形态特征的分析,对温室控制环境下有机污泥与水处理残渣合施对冬小麦(Triticum aestivium L.)生长的影响作用进行了研究.实验设6种处理,生物污泥(g.kg-1干土)与水处理残渣(g.kg-1干土)之比分别为0∶0;0∶80;50∶0;50∶10;50∶40和50∶80.结果表明,与不施用有机污泥相比,施用有机污泥后冬小麦根系长度、根系表面积、根体积和根长密度均显著增加,分别平均增加139.4%,140.1%,157.6%和139.4%.在现有施用量范围内,水处理残渣使用量加大没用对各种根系参数(即根长、根表面积、根平均直径、根体积、根长密度和比根长)产生不利作用.证明水处理残渣与有机污泥混施,即可降低对环境质量的不利影响,在农业生产上具有良好应用前景.     

焦化废水制备的煤泥水煤浆的成浆性

针对焦化废水中污染物浓度高、难以处理的现状,利用蒸氨废水和煤泥制备水煤浆,并与自来水、不同处理阶段的焦化废水制备的煤泥浆进行对比,分析煤泥水煤浆的成浆性。结果表明：蒸氨废水与煤泥制备的水煤浆的稳定性、流变性、发热量均优于自来水,且前者添加剂用量比后者减少0.4个百分点;焦化废水中酚类物质和氨氮对煤泥的成浆性有一定的分散稳定作用;添加剂用量一定时,厌氧池出口水样与煤泥制备的浆体的流变性最优。该研究为焦化废水的回收利用提供了参考。     

Utilization of W/Mg(NO3)2 modifiers for the direct determination of As and Sb in soils,sewage sludge and sediments by solid sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

A simple method has been developed for the determination of arsenic and antimony in environmental samples by solid sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, which was validated using certified reference materials of soils (S-VM — Soil Eutric Cambisol; S-MS — Soil Orthic Luvisols; S-SP — Soil Rendzina), sewage sludge (WT-L; WT-M) and sediments (NIES2; GBW07906). The analytical procedure combines solid sampling with utilization of a matrix modifier admixture containing 5 µg of W and 5 µg of Mg. The tungsten in the admixture serves to stabilize the solid matrix during atomisation, which results in dramatically reduced non-specific absorption compared with the conventional palladium modifier. Magnesium was efficient in reducing the accumulation of the matrix residue on the platform. An alternative resonance line of 197.2 nm for arsenic and 206.8 nm for Sb was used in order to eliminate the spectral interferences caused by aluminum compounds, and silicon and iron compounds, respectively. Under optimized experimental conditions, the effective in situ analyte/matrix separation was achieved so that the use of aqueous standards for calibration became possible. With the modifier, a 3 SD detection limit of 0.5 µg g⁻¹ As and 0.1 µg g⁻¹ Sb and 10 SD quantification limit of 1.7 µg g⁻¹As and 0.3 µg g⁻¹ Sb and a characteristic mass of 65 pg As and 53 pg Sb were obtained. For all the matrices under scrutiny, a good agreement with certified values was achieved with RSD values less than 10%.     

在线好氧呼吸速率测量方法的研究

首先对好氧呼吸速率不同的在线测量方法的发展进行了探讨.并分析了不同方法存在的主要问题和应用限制.针对存在问题给出了一种呼吸速率在线测量的新方法.这种方法是使用一个溶解氧传感器.根据进出呼吸室的溶解氧质量分数.通过在线测量和计算获得呼吸速率.最后对这种方法的影响因素及各种软硬件问题进行了研究.     

A review on pharmaceuticals removal from waters by single and combined biological,membrane filtration and ultrasound systems

Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) such as pharmaceuticals commonly found in urban and industrial wastewater are a potential threat to human health and have negative environmental impact. Most wastewater treatment plants cannot efficiently remove these compounds and therefore, many pharmaceuticals end up in aquatic ecosystems, inducing problems such as toxicity and antibiotic-resistance. This review reports the extent of pharmaceutical removal by individual processes such as bioreactors, advanced oxidation processes and membrane filtration systems, all of which are not 100% efficient and can lead to the direct discharge of pharmaceuticals into water bodies. Also, the importance of understanding biotransformation of pharmaceutical compounds during biological and ultrasound treatment, and its impact on treatment efficacy will be reviewed. Different combinations of the processes above, either as an integrated configuration or in series, will be discussed in terms of their degradation efficiency and scale-up capabilities. The trace quantities of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater and scale-up issues of ultrasound highlight the importance of membrane filtration as a concentration and volume reduction treatment step for wastewater, which could subsequently be treated by ultrasound.     

厌氧处理结合超声空化高效破解剩余污泥

为了提高超声空化破解剩余污泥的效率,进而提高污泥的可生化性能,提出先进行短时间的厌氧处理,再进行超声空化的破解方案;并对厌氧0~6 d的污泥进行了超声破解实验研究.实验结果显示:随着厌氧时间的增加,污泥自身性质发生较大改变,如化学需氧量(COD)、肽聚糖浓度大幅度增加,p H值明显降低等;对厌氧污泥进行破解,其破解效果优于新鲜污泥:对厌氧6 d的污泥进行破解,其COD浓度是新鲜污泥的99.3倍,是新鲜污泥破解后的9.5倍.厌氧处理可以降低污泥的破解难度,在较大程度上提高超声空化强度,该工艺可以实现高效破解剩余污泥的目的.