轨道交通线路全断面车载式动态检测系统研究

为及时掌握轨道交通线路全断面尺寸及发展趋势,提出了融合激光扫描测量和高精度惯性基准测量技术的车载式全断面检测系统方案.详细分析了如何利用车体运动模型和卡尔曼滤波算法建立精确的动态测量基准,对振动误差进行补偿,并借助数学仿真讨论了方案的可行性.     

编码器动态检测系统高实时性高精度角度基准设计

在编码器动态特性检测中,角度基准的快速反应和精度直接影响着动态特性检测装置的准确性。为实现角度基准的快速响应,提高基准编码器的测角精度,本文设计了高精度快速细分角度基准编码器。首先,通过对目前角度基准不足对编码器动态特性检测影响的分析,得出动态检测精度主要受基准编码器的数据处理延时影响。其次,通过对基准编码器结构、细分电路、处理电路等的设计,完成了23位高实时性角度基准编码器的制作。最后,为提高检测精度,利用RBF神经网络对角度基准进行误差补偿。所设计的角度基准编码器分辨率达到0.15",并且可以在10 r/s速度时,保证逐分辨率输出。经过测量,补偿前基准编码器的精度为1.30",补偿后的基准编码器误差峰峰值不超过2.5",精度优于0.6"。高精度、高实时性角度基准编码器的研制,提高了编码器动态特性检测系统的检测精度,为研究编码器动态特性提供了基础。     

适用于汽油参比燃料TRF的多环芳香烃生成机理

构造了一个包括287种组分和1569个反应的汽油参比燃料TRF(toluene reference fuel)燃烧过程中多环芳香烃(PAHs)生成机理的详细化学反应动力学模型,引入四种PAH生长路径将多环芳香烃的生成机理发展到芘A4(C20H12)水平,并通过对PAH产率的分析,指出乙炔(C2H2)、丙炔(C3H3)、乙烯基乙炔(C4H4)以及含有奇数碳原子的环戊二烯自由基(C5H5)和茚基(C9H7)等物质对PAHs生成和生长起到重要作用.该机理可以较准确计算基础燃料(PRF)和TRF火焰的着火延迟期、燃烧火焰中小分子(PAH前驱体C2H2、C3H4等)和PAHs的物质浓度.通过与实验数据的比较表明,该机理在不同温度、压力、化学计量比下具有较好的性能.由此分析,该机理对碳烟前驱物PAHs的预测性能是可靠的.     

低温热分析标准物质的研制

研制了两种0~100℃热分析标准物质,分别为金属镓和水杨酸苯酯标准物质。研制的标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,采用与NIST,LGC相应标准物质比较的方法定值。NIST为SRM 2234镓,其定值采用288.6~314.35 K范围内的绝热热量计测得温度及热量值;LGC用绝热法为水杨酸苯酯的熔化温度和熔化热定值,两种方法都可以直接溯源至SI单位。对定值结果的不确定度进行了分析和评定。镓和水杨酸苯酯标准物质的熔化温度分别为(29.77±0.20)℃(k=2),(41.81±0.34)℃(k=2);熔化热分别为(80.52±0.48)J/g(k=2),(88.94±0.62)J/g(k=2)。研制的两种标准物质满足国家标准物质的技术要求,申报已获批准。     

正确使用标准物质/标准样品

介绍了标准物质与标准样品、有证与非有证标准物质/标准样品的区别与联系,国內外有证标准物质/标准样品的判断依据,标准物质/标准样品及其证书的科学使用。对正确理解和使用标准物质/标准样品提出了一些建议。     

α-Al_2O_3比表面积标准物质的研制

选择市售α-Al2O3粉体作为比表面积标准物质候选材料,采用交叉缩分方法对标准物质样品进行分装。检验结果表明α-Al2O3标准物质样品具有良好的均匀性和稳定性(18个月)。采用国际公认的氮气物理吸附BET方法,联合测量能力经过确认的8家实验室对α-Al2O3标准物质样品进行定值,标准值比表面积为5.47 m2/g,不确定度为0.22 m2/g(k=2)。     

Optimization of SIMS analytical parameters for water content measurement of olivine

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has a wide range of applications in Earth Science research, thanks to its high precision and sensitivity, and its capacity in direct insitu micromeasurement. The technique is operated in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions, especially for the measurement of volatiles such as hydrogen, or the water content in nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs). To minimize the water background and obtain accurate and precise water contents in NAMs (eg, olivine) critical parameters such as presputtering time, field aperture (FA), dynamic transfer on/off, and primary beam current intensity were investigated for a CAMECA IMS 1280-HR system. When the chamber vacuum reaches approximately 2 × 10⁻⁹ mbar, we set the DTOS OFF, raster size to 50 μm and primary beam current to 5 nA, and used 2000 μm FA and 170-second presputtering time. Consequently, an approximately 1.2 ppmw water background and 3.6 ppmw limit of detection (LOD) were yielded, from analyzing the San Carlos olivine. Meanwhile, the water content and homogeneity of a range of olivine minerals were characterized for potential use as reference materials for SIMS water content measurement. Olivine water content calibration curve was also established by comparing the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results with the SIMS-measured ¹⁶O¹H⁻/¹⁶O⁻ ratios. Accuracy and precision of water content measurement were estimated to be better than approximately 10% in this study.     

A new Chinese national reference material (GBW04481) for calcite oxygen and carbon isotopic microanalysis

Carbonate oxygen (O) and carbon (C) isotopes are widely used as proxies for tracing the processes and physicochemical conditions of many geological events and environmental changes in Earth Science. In particular, O and C isotopic variations at micrometer scales revealed by modern microbeam analytical techniques such as SIMS and NanoSIMS are robust archives for reconstructing palaeoenvironment and paleoclimate changes at annual and seasonal resolution or even higher temporal resolution. Widespread application of carbonate O and C isotopic microanalysis in Earth Sciences, however, has been restricted due to limitation of high-quality carbonate reference materials for O and C isotopic microanalysis. We introduce in this paper a new calcite reference material for calcite O and C isotopic microanalysis. This calcite is collected from a drill-core of the Oka carbonatite complex (Quebec, Canada). We demonstrated that the Oka calcite is fairly homogeneous in O and C isotopic compositions at micrometer scales based on homogeneity test by hundreds of SIMS O and C isotopic analyses. Precise determinations by using conventional gas-source IRMS yield the recommended value of δ¹⁸O_VPDB = −23.12 ± 0.15‰ (1SD) and δ¹³C_VPDB = −5.23 ± 0.06‰ (1SD) for the Oka calcite, which has been certified as the first class of Chinese national certified reference material (GBW04481) for O and C isotopic microanalysis.     

网络环境下参考咨询服务的时代特征

通过对传统参考咨询服务与数字参考咨询服务的比较分析,阐述了网络环境下图书馆参考咨询的时代特征,提出在网络环境下做好参考咨询服务的相应对策。     

网络环境下高校图书馆与院系资料室文献资源的共建共享

在分析当前高校图书馆和院系资料室所处的地位以及存在问题的基础上,阐明了馆系之间实现文献资源共建共享的必要性,并提出了具体的建议和方法。