高炉异常炉况判断专家系统的设计与实现

探讨了高炉异常炉况判断专家系统的结构,讨论了从传感器数据中抽取高炉况特征的方法,时态黑板结构与时间知识表示,对于炉况特征的模糊量化和专家知识中的参数设定,系统采用机器学习方法自动调整,对于高炉异常炉况的操作方法,系统采用规划－动作－反应方法向用出动国作建议,并对所动作动作建议实现实时的重构解释。     

微孔介质上气泡形成规律的研究

用激光测试技术对微孔介质上气泡形成规律进行了研究。实验结果表明,在微孔介质上所形成气泡的 Ｓａｕｔｅｒ平均直径随通气量的增大而减小;液相中盐或醇的引入使形成的气泡直径明显减小。使用不同模型的计算结果表明,单一孔上气泡形成模型难以描述微孔介质上气泡形成规律。为了描述微孔介质上气泡形成过程,不仅要考虑孔径减小带来的影响,而且要考虑操作条件及体系性质的变化对实际生成气泡的“有效孔”数目及当量直径等因素的影响。     

Dynamic surface tension of micellar solutions studied by the maximum bubble pressure method. 1. Experiment

The effect of the micelles on the dynamic surface tension of micellar surfactant solutions is studied experimentally by means of the maximum bubble pressure method. Different frequencies of bubbling ranging approximately between 1 and 30 s^–1 are applied. The time dependence of the surface tension is calculated using a dead time correction. Water solutions of two types of surfactants with different concentrations are investigated: sodium dodecyl sulfate and nonylphenol polyglycol ether. The surface tension relaxes more quickly in the presence of micelles. The characteristic times of relaxation of the surface tension seem to be in the millisecond range. The time constants observed experimentally are explained in terms of the theory of surfactant diffusion affected by micellization kinetics.     

Kinetics of the surface tension of micellar solutions: Comparison of different experimental techniques

The kinetics of the surface tension of micellar solutions of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 is measured experimentally by means of three different techniques: oscillating jet, maximum bubble pressure and inclined plate. They allow to study the micellization kinetics at various time scales (from a few milliseconds to a few seconds) in fairly large concentration region up to 50 times CMC. The experimental data are satisfactorily explained by a theoretical model accounting for the kinetics of micellization, diffusion of surfactant species and expansion of the bubble interface. By this model are computed the characteristic times of diffusion and micellization, which are of comparable magnitude (about 5 to 200 ms), and the Gibbs' elasticity. The micellization time constant corresponds to the slow relaxation process known to coincide with the disintegration of micelles. Comparing our data with other data from literature one can conclude that more realistic information for the micellization kinetics is obtained by the maximum bubble pressure and the oscillating jet method. The inclined plate seems too slow to measure the relaxation processes in micellar solutions of this surfactant.     

我国化学纤维新品种的发展

本文紧紧围绕发展我国化纤新品种的现状和展望,提出由“产品先导型”向“技术先导型”、由“市场开发型”向“发展型”过渡的发展展望。按化纤新品种几种主要发展途径,侧重就我国化纤新品种的成就,如:合成新的高聚物,化学、物理(包括结构)改性和纱线、织物后整理等,特别对共聚、共混、多种复合技术改性等,进行了重点讨论。     

Real‐time lock‐in energy loss imaging with a novel high‐speed image processing CCD video camera

We have developed a high‐speed image processing CCD video camera for real‐time energy‐loss imaging using a conventional electron microscope with an energy‐loss imaging facility. As an initial demonstration of real‐time lock‐in energy‐loss imaging, a background‐subtracted energy‐loss image was observed by attaching the high‐speed image processing CCD video camera to an analytical electron microscope equipped with a floating‐type energy‐loss imaging analyser. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Liquid chromatographic/electrospray mass spectrometric determination (LC/ESI-MS) of chelerythrine and dihydrochelerythrine in near-critical CO2 extracts from real and spiked plasma samples

Two polar benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids, chelerythrine (CHE) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), were extracted at 35 °C and 10 MPa (15 MPa for real samples) from real and spiked plasma samples with acceptable recoveries (95.1% and 81.0%, respectively) using near-critical CO₂ modified with aqueous (1:1, v/v) methanol. The alkaloids were quantified by a liquid chromatographic/electrospray mass spectrometric (LC/ESI-MS) method on a Zorbax SB-CN column (75 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm particle size) using methanol (organic phase) and 50 mM ammonium formiate (aqueous phase) as a mobile phase. A linear gradient 0-1 min, isocratic at 60% organic phase (v/v); from 1.0 to 7.0 min, 60-71% organic phase (v/v); from 7.0 to 18.0 min, 71-60% organic phase (v/v) was applied. The limit of detection was 1.22 ng (3.50 pmol) for CHE and 0.95 ng (2.72 pmol) for DHCHE per 1 ml of the sample. The linearity of the calibration curves was satisfactory as indicated by coefficients of determination 0.9979 and 0.9995 for CHE and DHCHE, respectively. Repeatability and intermediate precision (average R.S.D.s) were 1.0-1.5%, accuracy was in the range 99.7-100.3%. Average recovery was 100.1% for both, standard solutions and spiked plasma extracts. Three samples of real rat plasma were extracted and analysed to test the method.     

Phase-fixed double-group 3-Γ symbols. IV. Real 3-Γ symbols and coupling coefficients for the group hierarchies T* ⊃ C 3 * and T* ⊃ C 2 *

We present sets of real 3- symbols which correspond to explicitly given irreducible matrix representations for the two double group hierarchies T* C ₃ ^* and T* C ₂ ^* . They fit into the formalism exposed in a previous paper [1] on the general theory of 3- symbols and coupling coefficients and illustrate much of the discussion in a subsequent one [2] treating the particular properties of the double groups.     

Methane production from synthesis gas using a mixed culture ofR. rubrum M. barkeri,and M. formicicum

The components of synthesis gas, CO, H₂, and CO₂, may be converted into CH₄ biologically through either acetate or H₂/CO₂ as intermediates. Of these two routes, conversion through H₂/CO₂ is preferred. This paper presents results of mixed-culture studies employing the photosynthetic bacteriumR. rubrum for converting CO to CO₂ and H₂ by the water gas shift reaction and two methanogens,M. formicicum andM. barkeri, for converting CO₂ and H₂ into CH₄. Results are presented for triculture operation in two types of reactors, the packed bubble column and the trickle-bed reactor.     

CertainC*-algebras with real rank zero and their corona and multiplier algebras: II

We first determine the homotopy classes of nontrivial projections in a purely infinite simpleC*-algebraA, in the associated multiplier algebraM(A) and the corona algebraM A/A in terms ofK _*(A). Then we describe the generalized Fredholm indices as the group of homotopy classes of non-trivial projections ofA; consequently, we determine theK _*-groups of all hereditaryC*-subalgebras of certain corona algebras. Secondly, we consider a group structure of *-isomorphism classes of hereditaryC*-subalgebras of purely infinite simpleC*-algebras. In addition, we prove that ifA is aC*-algebra of real rank zero, then each unitary ofA, in caseA it unital, each unitary ofM(A) and ofM(A)/A, in caseA is nonunital but -unital, can be factored into a product of a unitary homotopic to the identity and a unitary matrix whose entries are all partial isometries (with respect to a decomposition of the identity).Partially supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation.