焦化废水制备的煤泥水煤浆的成浆性

针对焦化废水中污染物浓度高、难以处理的现状,利用蒸氨废水和煤泥制备水煤浆,并与自来水、不同处理阶段的焦化废水制备的煤泥浆进行对比,分析煤泥水煤浆的成浆性。结果表明：蒸氨废水与煤泥制备的水煤浆的稳定性、流变性、发热量均优于自来水,且前者添加剂用量比后者减少0.4个百分点;焦化废水中酚类物质和氨氮对煤泥的成浆性有一定的分散稳定作用;添加剂用量一定时,厌氧池出口水样与煤泥制备的浆体的流变性最优。该研究为焦化废水的回收利用提供了参考。     

Characterisation of raw materials for production of ceramics

The aim of this paper is to characterize some raw materials used for ceramics material production. Five samples of clay have been analyzed. It has been carried out a patterned sampling in a quarry in Rosarno (South Italy). Chemical-physical properties on clay samples are determined. Test pieces have been prepared and physical properties after firing are determined by DSC thermal analysis, XRD analysis and X-ray fluorescence. It is important to note the high amount of Fe₂O₃. The mixture principally contains quartz, illite and oligoclase. It has been observed the colour and the shape after firing: predominant colour is red. In this case the clay has been used in mixtures covered with glazes. The colour of internal clay is hidden by opaque of glazes. The analysed raw materials can be used in a slip for single fired red tiles. The A2sp clay produces best ceramics at 1000°C.     

不同放大级Fe/Cu/K/SiO2催化剂的表征及其浆态床费托合成反应性能

采用连续共沉淀和喷雾干燥成型相结合的方法,制备了实验室级和放大级微球状费托(FT)合成Fe/Cu/K/SiO2催化剂.实验室级催化剂的颗粒尺寸为5～15μm,放大级催化剂的颗粒尺寸为40～60μm.利用低温N2物理吸附、H2程序升温还原、CO2程序升温脱附、穆斯堡尔谱和X射线衍射等表征手段考察了催化剂的织构性质、还原行为、碳化行为及物相变化.结果表明,与实验室级催化剂相比,放大级催化剂具有较大的晶粒尺寸和孔径、较小的比表面积和较弱的表面碱性,催化剂的还原和碳化受到抑制.浆态床FT合成反应及扫描电子显微镜结果表明,放大级催化剂经诱导期达到稳定状态后,转化率可达到实验室级催化剂的水平,且具有很高的稳定性、重质烃选择性及抗磨损性.     

DSC study and computer modelling of the melting process in ice slurry

In order to understand the non-isothermal melting kinetics in the ice slurry, a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used. Experimental results were compared to those obtained by a numerical simulation in which a general enthalpy method was applied. In this work the ice slurry studied consists of ice particles uniformly dispersed within a water-antifreeze liquid mixture. The effects of the heating rate and the initial antifreeze mass fraction are discussed. It has been found that the temperature gradients inside the sample of the solution become important if either heating rate increases or initial antifreeze mass fraction decreases.     

Elemental analysis of silicon based minerals by ultrasonic slurry sampling electrothermal vaporisation ICP-MS

Ultrasonic slurry sampling electrothermal vaporisation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (USS-ETV-ICP-MS) was applied to the elemental analysis of silicate based minerals, such as talc or quartz, without any pre-treatment except the grinding of the sample. The electrothermal vaporisation device consists of a tungsten coil connected to a home-made power supply. The voltage program, carrier gas flow rate and sonication time were optimised in order to obtain the best sensitivity for elements determined. The relationship between the amount of sample in the slurry and the signal intensity was also evaluated. Unfortunately, in all cases, quantification had to be carried out by the standard additions method owing to the strong matrix interferences. The global precision of the proposed method was always better than 12%. The limits of detection, calculated as three times the standard deviation of the blank value divided by the slope of the calibration curve, were between 0.5 ng/g for As and 3.5 ng/g for Ba. The method was validated by comparing the concentrations found for Cu, Mn, Cr, V, Li, Pb, Sn, Mg, U, Ba, Sr, Zn, Sb, Rb and Ce using the proposed methodology with those obtained by conventional nebulisation ICP-MS after acid digestion of the samples in a microwave oven. The concentration range in the solid samples was between 0.2 μg/g for Cr and 60 μg/g for Ba. All results were statistically in agreement with those found by conventional nebulisation.     

应用在线近红外光谱分析复烤前后原烟及片烟的质量特性

应用在2012年"中华"专用分拣复烤生产线中采集的7个产地的复烤前原烟和复烤后片烟的在线近红外光谱为试验资料,通过建立不同产地近红外光谱的投影分析模型,并结合方差及相关分析等,研究烟叶复烤前后的均一性及相似性等品质特征的变化,为客观的掌握烟叶原料质量及卷烟产品配方提供技术支撑。本研究结果表明,从数量庞大的在线近红外光谱中,按等间隔采样时间筛选约1万条左右用于建模分析可行,取样代表性充分;经人工分拣、打叶、复烤后的各产地烟叶近红外光谱的均一性提高幅度可达10%~35%,烟叶品质的均质化程度显著提高;同时复烤后各产地烟叶所体现的相似性关系亦发生了变化,从整体上其相似性显著降低,即由产地体现的风格品质差异显著提升,为优质卷烟的原料配方设计提供了更大空间,体现了我国烟草企业生产优质中式卷烟需要消耗大量财力、人力进行烟叶复烤加工的必要性。传统的化学分析等手段需要花费大量的时间和精力,难以对整个加工环节进行控制,近红外光谱技术以其快速、无损的优势,不仅能够实现待测样品成分含量等的实时检测与质量控制,而且应用生产过程中的大量近红外光谱,可以从多角度进行有关产品品质信息的充分挖掘,是一种在众多行业特别是农产品和食品加工行业中极具应用前景的在线分析检测技术。     

动态冰浆传热特性的研究

动态冰浆由于具有较强的蓄能和传热能力,日益受到人们的重视。文中建立了动态冰浆传热特性的数理模型,并利用已知的载流溶液和冰晶的物性参数,得到了动态冰浆在水平直管、等热流加热条件下的传热系数,根据计算结果,分析了传热系数随着冰浆浓度的变化的规律和冰浆流速和管径对动态冰浆传热性能的影响。     

食品企业对原料供应商质量评价的路径分析

对食品企业而言质量犹如生命,原料供应商的质量在很大程度上决定食品企业的最终产品质量,科学地评价原料供应商质量尤为重要。文章分析和比较评价原料供应商常用方法,给出食品企业评价原料供应商质量的实施路径,并结合线性加权法说明其在评价原料供应商质量中的应用,为食品企业评价原料供应商质量提供一套科学和可行的方法。     

类水滑石的插层改性及其对沼液中磷的吸附分离

通过恒定pH法成功合成了均苯四甲酸插层的锌铝类水滑石(Zn2Al-PMA-LDHs),考察了它的特征结构及组成通式,并对沼液中磷的吸附性能进行了研究.结果表明,Zn2Al-PMA-LDHs对四川遂宁沼气工程所产沼液中磷的吸附性能要大大优于未插层的锌铝类水滑石(Zn2Al-Cl-LDHs).当吸附剂用量为0.1g/L时,Zn2Al-PMA-LDHs在4h内,对沼液中磷的吸附量由未插层前的11.58mg/g提高了约248%,达到40.31mg/g.同时该吸附剂对沼液中磷酸根的吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学模型,吸附等温线表现为Langmuir型.用0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液对吸附后的Zn2Al-PMALDHs进行解吸再生,经过4个循环周期,其对沼液中磷的吸附量仍能达到首次吸附量的70%左右.     

耐磨环氧胶粘涂层冲蚀磨损特性的研究

本文对气固冲蚀和浆体冲蚀条件下耐磨环氧胶粘涂层的磨损特性进行了研究。结果表明,这种涂层的冲蚀磨损是由粘结剂的磨损和抗磨填料的磨损所组成;填料粒度和磨料粒度都对涂层的气固冲蚀磨损有影响,但在给定的试验条件下,填料粒度对涂层的浆体冲蚀磨损影响甚微。文章指出,耐磨环氧胶粘涂层在气固冲蚀和浆体冲蚀下的磨损机理相似,但磨损规律却有所不同;耐磨环氧胶粘涂层尤其适用于浆体冲蚀的场合,可以明显地提高机械过流部件的使用寿命。