单层MoS2悬浊液的制备及其摩擦学行为研究

用插层法制备了单层MoS2在水中的悬浊液，采用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜以及扫描电子显微镜表征了单层MoS2的结构，用四球长时摩擦磨损试验机考察了单层MoS2在水中的悬浊液的摩擦学行为．结果表明：MoS2经剥层一重堆过程处理后形成单层MoS2，单层MoS2在水中以单片或者多片重叠形式存在，其间距由0．615nm增大为0．622nm；所合成的单层MoS2悬浊液在一定添加量范围内表现出良好的减摩能力．这是因为其在钢球磨损表面生成含FeS的保护膜，而保护膜的剪切强度较低，因而表现出良好的减摩性能，但活性元素S易导致钢的过度腐蚀而使抗磨性能反而变差．     

A constitutive model for plastically anisotropic solids with non-spherical voids

Plastic constitutive relations are derived for a class of anisotropic porous materials consisting of coaxial spheroidal voids, arbitrarily oriented relative to the embedding orthotropic matrix. The derivations are based on nonlinear homogenization, limit analysis and micromechanics. A variational principle is formulated for the yield criterion of the effective medium and specialized to a spheroidal representative volume element containing a confocal spheroidal void and subjected to uniform boundary deformation. To obtain closed form equations for the effective yield locus, approximations are introduced in the limit-analysis based on a restricted set of admissible microscopic velocity fields. Evolution laws are also derived for the microstructure, defined in terms of void volume fraction, aspect ratio and orientation, using material incompressibility and Eshelby-like concentration tensors. The new yield criterion is an extension of the well known isotropic Gurson model. It also extends previous analyses of uncoupled effects of void shape and material anisotropy on the effective plastic behavior of solids containing voids. Preliminary comparisons with finite element calculations of voided cells show that the model captures non-trivial effects of anisotropy heretofore not picked up by void growth models.     

对巯基苯甲酸在电化学沉积金膜表面的SERS研究

SERS技术由于具有高灵敏度的表面效应,能够检测吸附在金属表面的单分子层或亚单分子层的分子,并能给出丰富的分子结构信息,因而己被广泛应用于界面科学以及定性和定量分析科学领域之中。本文在制备电化学沉积金纳米薄膜的基础上,利用扫描电镜观察金纳米薄膜的形貌,通过分析对巯基苯甲酸在电化学沉积金膜表面的SERS光谱,研究对巯基苯甲酸在金纳米薄膜表面的吸附方式。由SERS光谱分析,我们推断出对巯基苯甲酸可能通过羧基和S原子共同作用吸附在金纳米颗粒表面,且苯环平面可能与金薄膜表面成一定倾斜角。     

Dynamic compressive responses of intact and damaged ceramics from a single split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment

A novel dynamic compressive experimental technique has been developed based on a split Hopkinson pressure bar. This new method dynamically loads the ceramic specimen by two consecutive stress pulses. The first pulse determines the dynamic response of the intact ceramic materiaal and then crushes the specimen, and the second pulse determines the dynamic compressive constitutive behavior of the ceramic rubble. Precise pulse shaping ensures that the specimen deforms at nearly constant strain rates under dynamic stress equilibrium during the loading by both stress pulses. Pulse shaping also controls the amplitudes of loading pulses, the values of strain rates, the maximum strains in the rubble specimens, and the proper separation time between the two loading pulses. The feasibility of the new technique is demonstrated by the experimental results obtained on an AD995 alumina.     

Constitutive framework optimized for myocardium and other high-strain, laminar materials with one fiber family

Central to this analysis is the identification of six rotation invariant scalars α_1-6 that succinctly define the strain in materials that have one family of parallel fibers arranged in laminae. These scalars were chosen so as to minimize covariance amongst the response terms in the hyperelastic limit, and they are termed strain attributes because it is necessary to distinguish them from strain invariants. The Cauchy stress t is expressed as the sum of six response terms, almost all of which are mutually orthogonal for finite strain (i.e. 14 of the 15 inner products vanish). For small deformations, the response terms are entirely orthogonal (i.e. all 15 inner products vanish). A response term is the product of a response function with its associated kinematic tensor. Each response function is a scalar partial derivative of the strain energy W with respect to a strain attribute. Applications for this theory presently include myocardium (heart muscle) which is often modeled as having muscle fibers arranged in sheets. Utility for experimental identification of strain energy functions is demonstrated by showing that common tests on incompressible materials can directly determine terms in W. Since the described set of strain attributes reduces the covariance amongst response terms, this approach may enhance the speed and precision of inverse finite element methods.     

Constitutive models for power-law viscous solids containing spherical voids

In the analysis of non-linear porous solids, it is commonplace to employ a spherical unit cell owing to the simplicity it affords. The macroscopic constitutive response of the material is then predicted based upon either uniform traction or linear displacement/velocity boundary conditions applied to the outer surface of the cell. In this investigation, we carry out a careful computational analysis of the effect of these two types of boundary conditions on the macroscopic response of the (idealized) porous solid and in particular, we explore the sensitivity of the predicted response to the macroscopic stress, void volume fraction and material non-linearity. The numerical results are then used as a basis for establishing an approximate constitutive model that is expressed in a compact, explicit form. The study is carried out in the context of an incompressible, isotropic power-law viscous matrix material, and the computational analysis is focused on axisymmetric deformation of the unit cell. While the macroscopic strain-rate potential is found to exhibit a dependence on the third invariant of the macroscopic stress deviator, this dependence is slight (particularly for the linear displacement/velocity boundary condition) and, toward developing an approximate strain-rate potential applicable to general macroscopic stress states, a simple averaging scheme is employed to suppress the role of this quantity. Guided by the numerical results as well as by various previously proposed constitutive relations, an approximate generalized elliptic form for the macroscopic strain-rate potential is then proposed. The constitutive potential which is ultimately developed involves a fairly simple dependence upon the void volume fraction and the properties of the matrix material, yet it gives rise to predictions that agree well with the detailed unit cell calculations over the full range of properties and macroscopic stress states considered.     

差异沉降下加筋土挡土墙筋带变形特性试验研究

将正交试验方法应用于加筋土挡土墙的缩尺模型试验,采用4组试验模拟墙后填土与墙面板之间存在差异沉降的挡墙工作状态,量测了各级差异沉降下的筋带变形.通过对筋带延伸率、筋带密度、筋带与面板连接方式3个因素的二水平试验结果的分析,提出差异沉降下筋带变形可以用指数曲线描述,并对试验现象加以分析.图5,表4,参9.     

基于出动效率最大的离场优化排序

飞机离场优化排序对于缓解跑道拥挤现象、提升作战体系出动效率具有重要意义。针对军航双跑道离场优化排序问题,首先建立了基于飞机在预定空域形成“任务包”时间最小为目标函数的优化排序模型,然后设计了一种基于精英反向学习策略和黏菌觅食行为的改进海洋捕食者算法进行求解,最后通过一个仿真实验,与其他算法的优化结果进行对比,改进的海洋捕食者算法使得“任务包”形成时间明显缩短,有效提升了作战飞机的出动效率,可以应用于解决飞机离场优化排序问题。     

基于截面纤维模型的RPC箱型桥墩抗震性能分析

为探讨RPC箱型桥墩的延性抗震性能，采用截面纤维模型编制了压弯构件非线性分析程序，程序考虑了轴力的二阶效应，能模拟水平荷载不同的加载方向角，可对包括卸载过程在内的全过程受力性能进行分析.通过3个施加常轴力的RPC箱型桥墩水平反复加载试验结果与数值分析对比，验证了程序的准确性.在此基础上运用编制的程序分析了轴压比、纵筋率、截面长宽比和截面开孔率等参数在不同水平荷载加载方向时对RPC桥墩延性抗震性能的影响，得到了最不利水平加载方向与截面长宽比之间的关系.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Electrochemical Behavior of a Fe(II) Complex of 8-Mercaptoquinoline (Hmtq) with Trimethylphosphite Participation

The mononuclear complex Fe(II)(mtq)₂{P(OCH₃)₃}₂ (Hmtq = 8-Mercaptoquinoline) with mixed N-heterocyclic thiolato and phosphite ligands was synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography and cyclic voltammetric measurement. The title complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with a = 8.929(4), b = 9.965(3), c = 16.913(11) Å, α = 76.21(10), β = 80.89(10), γ= 68.010(10)°, V = 1351.2(11) ų. The Fe(II) atom exhibits an elongated octahedral geometry composed of N₂S₂P₂ donors. The equatorial plane is made up of two cis-oriented N donors from the thiolato ligands and two cis-oriented monodentate P(OCH₃)₃ ligands. The apical sites are occupied by two trans-oriented S atoms from the mtq^? ligands. The thione form is predominant coordination mode of 8-mercaptoquinoline with the N and S donors bound to the Fe(II) to form five-membered chelate rings. The structural feature of the mononuclear Fe(II) complex with mixed phosphite and thiolate ligands is summarized.