回转窑煤粉喷射系统的燃烧技术

本文介绍了回转窑煤粉喷射系统的燃烧新技术及其机理。指出在燃煤中掺入适量的石灰石和添加剂共同燃烧,可以使回转窑的系统水泥产量提高5～10％,熟料中的游离氧化钙降低0.5～1.0％,煤耗降低 5％左右。     

水压支柱支护特性及其在深井开采中的应用

研究了水压支柱的工作原理、支柱的阻力特性曲线以及水压支柱的等效刚度和阻力增量等参数,并确定了工作面顶板下沉量与支柱初撑力、支柱阻力增量之间的相互关系,求出了水压支柱的最小初撑力、额定初撑力和额定支柱工作阻力等参数的计算方法;此外,还对水压支柱的让压性能及其在湘西金矿深井缓倾斜复杂薄矿脉开采工艺技术中的应用进行了分析.得出:湘西金矿深部试验采区水压支柱的额定初撑力为162kN,额定工作阻力为200kN,合理支护网度为2.0m×2.0m;水压支柱在湘西金矿的使用,改善了采空区顶板的受力条件,为落矿、运搬及充填工作提供了良好的作业环境,为缓倾斜薄矿脉强化开采提供了可靠的安全保障.     

Ultrasonic Broadband Spectrometry of Liquids A Research Tool in Pure and Applied Chemistry and Chemical Physics

This review is a survey of the many scientific applications of ultrasonic broadbandspectrometry (absorption and velocity measurements with coherent sound waves)in liquids and liquid systems, covering, at present, a frequency range from nearly10 kHz to 10 GHz. Ultrasonic spectrometry has proved to be an almost universalresearch tool in many laboratories, one that is useful for investigation of variouschemical, biochemical, and physicochemical systems. Sound waves traversingliquids induce periodic perturbations in pressure and temperature, which can shiftequilibria, resulting in characteristic sound absorption and velocity dispersionspectra. An analysis of such spectra yields valuable information about thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the particular system that is often difficult toobtain by other methods. Since such periodic perturbations imposed on the systemare incremental in nearly all cases, the system can be studied under equilibriumconditions. All nonlinear effects (heating, nonconstant fluid compressibility, andothers) are negligible, permitting, for instance, the application of linearized rateequations. In this review, various examples of measured broadband spectra arepresented. Related elementary processes are discussed. Among these are ionicand molecular reactions, including mechanisms of association and complexation,proton transfer, solvation, isomerization, interconversion, side-group rotation,hydrogen-bonding, as well as stacking processes and micelle formation. Specialattention will be given to the extensive research on chemical relaxation.Fundamental early and recent publications are cited and discussed. Many referencesare included with particular emphasis on less well known research and publicationsfrom countries of the former USSR. This review aims at a demonstration of thewidespread applications of modern ultrasonic techniques in many fields ofliquid-state research.     

深过冷Ag-Cu-Ge三元共晶合金的相组成与凝固特征

在Ag_38.5Cu_33.4Ge_28.1三元共晶合金的深过冷实验中，获得的最大过冷度为175 K(0.22T_E). XRD分析表明，不同过冷条件下其共晶组织均由(Ag),(Ge)和η(Cu₃Ge)三相组成. 在小过冷条件下，三个共晶相协同生长，凝固组织粗大.随着过冷度的增大，共晶组织明显细化，(Ge)相与其他两相分离，以初生相方式生长，而(Ag)相与η相始终呈二相层片共晶方式共生生长. 当过冷度超过80 K时，初生相(Ge)由小过冷时的块状转变为具有小面相特征的枝晶方式生长. 部分小面相(Ge)枝晶出现规则的花状，花瓣数介于5—8之间，并且过冷度越大(Ge)相越容易分瓣. 花状(Ge)枝晶的晶体表面为{111}晶面簇，择优生长方向为〈100〉晶向族. 关键词： 三元共晶 晶体形核 深过冷 快速凝固     

深部立井快速施工技术研究

乐平矿务局沿涌煤矿立井深600m,净直径5m。涟邵建工集团采用机械化配套设备施工,取得了平均月成井100m,最高月成井120m的好成绩,实现了快速施工。本文简要介绍了井筒施工机械化配套情况、施工工艺、管理制度及施工效果。     

Formation of ζ phase in Cu-Ge peritectic alloys

Rapid growth behavior of ζ phase has been investigated in the undercooling experiments of Cu-14%Ge, Cu-15%Ge, Cu-18.5%Ge and Cu-22%Ge alloys. Alloys of the four compositions obtain the maximum undercoolings of 202 K（0.17TL）, 245 K（0.20TL）, 223 K（0.20TL） and 176 K（0.17TL）, respectively. As the content of Ge increases, the microstructural transition of ＂a（Cu） dendrite ＋ ζ＂ peritectic phase → ζ＂ peritectic phase →, ζ dendrite ＋ （ε＋ζ） eutectic＂ takes place in the alloy at small undercooling, while the microstructural transition of ＂fragmented α （Cu）dendrite ＋ ζ peritectic phase →, ζ peritectic phase →ζ dendrite ＋ ε phase＂ happens in the alloy at large undercooling. EDS analysis of the Ge content in peritectic phase indicates that undercooling enlarges the solid solubility of ζ rdendrite, which leads to a decrease in the Ge content in ζ phase as undercooling increases. In the Cu-18.5%Ge alloy composed of ζ peritectic phase, the Ge content in ζ phase increases when undercooling increases, which is due to the restraint of the Ge enrichment on the grain boundaries by high undercooling effect.     

何美容 罗喜清 胡艳 赵海峰

8-羟基喹啉与许多金属元素,除碱金属外,在弱酸性或弱碱性溶液中能形成螯合物沉淀,这种沉淀分子量大,组成恒定。试样以硝酸和氢氟酸溶解,EDTA为掩蔽剂,在乙酸铵-乙酸(pH6.5)的缓冲溶液中,8-羟基喹啉与钨生成黄色沉淀,灼烧称量无水WO₃。分别对沉淀时pH值、陈化时间、沉淀剂的用量进行选择。研究出了一种快速、准确、经济的分析方法。分析准确度好、精密度高,完全能够满足生产分析要求。     

铁熔体快速冷却过程的分子动力学模拟

利用LAMMPS建立8×8×8原子箱,采取EAM模拟大量铁原子体系。先对体系升温,让体系充分均匀,然后对体系进行不同冷却速度下的降温。经过分子动力学模拟得到能量温度曲线、径向分布函数(RDF)和体系结构。结果表明:冷却速度低于1.8×1010K/s时,结晶相变点和熔点基本重合;冷却速度超过1012K/s时,生成物为非晶;铁熔体的过冷度可达到700 K;冷却速度在1011K/s附近时,能够生成体心立方的Fe单晶。     

青蒿离体快繁技术研究

为建立青蒿（Artemisia annua L．）快速繁殖技术体系,以青蒿带腋芽茎段作为外植体,以MS、1／2MS为基本培养基,附加不同种类、不同浓度的植物激素进行青蒿离体快繁培养研究．结果表明：外植体在MS＋6-BA1．0mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L培养基上诱导丛生芽效果最好;1／2MS＋NAA0．5mg／L诱导生根效果最佳,可达90％．     

Phase constitution and microstructure of Ce–Fe–B strip-casting alloy

The strip-casting technique plays an important role in fabricating high coercivity sintered magnet. In this paper, we investigate the phase constitution and the microstructure of rapidly solidified Ce-Fe-B alloy fabricated by strip-casting. We find that the Ce2FelgB phase coexists with Fe, Fe2B, and CeFe2 phases in the Ce-Fe-B strips. The eutectic stucture consisting of Fe and Fe2B is encased in Ce2Fe14B grains, which is blocked by the CeFe2 grains at triple junctions, indicating that the microstructure of Ce-Fe-B strip is characteristic of a peritectic solidification. Thermal analysis indicates that the large supercooling of Ce2Fe14B results in the residual Fe and Fe2B. The microstructural optimization in Ce-Fe-B strips without Fe and Fe2B could be achieved by a heat treatment of 1000 ℃.