A multicriteria accreditation system for information technology skills and qualifications

Employees must acquire new competences and qualifications throughout their lives, in order to be able to deal with the multiple changes in the labour market. The specific knowledge and competences, acquired either formally or non-formally, must be recognized so that they can be transferred and utilized. The existing titles of studies and accreditation mechanisms do not generally cover this need. This paper aims to propose an integrated approach for the evaluation of information technology knowledge and skills, regardless of where and how they have been acquired, so as to apply a continuous education and training policy. The proposed multicriteria methodology for the evaluation of qualifications and skills concerns candidates wishing to be accredited in an information technology specialization or profession. The methodology refers to the evaluation of the professional experience, studies and vocational training of the candidates for accreditation. It contains the analysis and modelling of the qualitative criteria as well as the implementation of multicriteria aggregation–disaggregation techniques attributing value to each criterion. Then, the candidates are classified in categories of professionals using the Electre Tri method, accepting as input data the multicriteria assessments on each criterion. The proposed evaluation approach has been adapted to the Greek educational system and is applied to a specific example of candidate.     

On finite convergence and constraint identification of subgradient projection methods

This paper deals with a continuous time, subgradient projection algorithm, shown to generate trajectories that accumulate to the solution set. Under a strong convexity assumption we show that convergence is exponential in norm. A sharpness condition yields convergence in finite time, and the necessary lapse is estimated. Invoking a constraint qualification and a non-degeneracy assumption, we demonstrate that optimally active constraints are identified in finite time.This research has been partially supported by Rutgers University, RUTCOR, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA, and by the Memorial Fund of Wilhelm Kheilhau.     

Second-Order Conditions for Efficiency in Nonsmooth Multiobjective Optimization Problems

In this paper, we are concerned with a nonsmooth multiobjective optimization problem with inequality constraints. We introduce a second-order constraint qualification, which is a generalization of the Abadie constraint qualification and derive second-order Kuhn-Tucker type necessary conditions for efficiency under the constraint qualification. Moreover, we give some conditions which ensure the constraint qualification holds.     

On constraint qualifications

The linear independence constraint qualification (LICQ) and the weaker Mangasarian-Fromovitz constraint qualification (MFCQ) are well-known concepts in nonlinear optimization. A theorem is proved suggesting that the set of feasible points for which MFCQ essentially differs from LICQ is small in a specified sense. As an auxiliary result, it is shown that, under MFCQ, the constraint set (even in semi-infinite optimization) is locally representable in epigraph form.The author wishes to thank Professor H. T. Jongen for valuable advice.     

On Regularity for Constrained Extremum Problems. Part 1: Sufficient Optimality Conditions

The main aspect of the paper consists in the application of a particular theorem of separation between two sets to the image associated with a constrained extremum problem. In the image space, the two sets are a convex cone, which depends on the constraints (equalities or inequalities) of the given problem, and its image. In this way, a condition for the existence of a regular saddle point (i.e., a sufficient optimality condition) is obtained. This regularity condition is compared with those existing in the literature.     

Necessary optimality conditions for a class of nonsmooth vector optimization

The Kuhn-Tucker type necessary conditions of weak efficiency are given for the problem of minimizing a vector function whose each component is the sum of a differentiable function and a convex function, subject to a set of differentiable nonlinear inequalities on a convex subset C of ℝ ⁿ , under the conditions similar to the Abadie constraint qualification, or the Kuhn-Tucker constraint qualification, or the Arrow-Hurwicz-Uzawa constraint qualification. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70671064, No. 60673177), the Province Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang (No.Y7080184) and the Education Department Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. 20070306).     

Generalized convexity and efficiency for non-regular multiobjective programming problems with inequality-type constraints

For multiobjective problems with inequality-type constraints the necessary conditions for efficient solutions are presented. These conditions are applied when the constraints do not necessarily satisfy any regularity assumptions, and they are based on the concept of 2-regularity introduced by Izmailov. In general, the necessary optimality conditions are not sufficient and the efficient solution set is not the same as the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker points set. So it is necessary to introduce generalized convexity notions. In the multiobjective non-regular case we give the notion of 2-KKT-pseudoinvex-II problems. This new concept of generalized convexity is both necessary and sufficient to guarantee the characterization of all efficient solutions based on the optimality conditions.     

论清代省级官员的选任资格

清代国家对省级官员的选任较为重视,对省级官员的籍贯和出身也有要求。清统治者选任省级官员时主要选择来自邻近省份和科举出身数量较多的南方省份的官员。比之明代,清代的选官制度有了较大改变。     

民事公益诉讼原告资格问题探讨

要推动民事公益诉讼的建立和在司法实践中的有效运行,必须突破原告资格这一制度＂瓶颈＂。检察机关可以直接提起民事公益诉讼。在相关的行政机关对保护公益不作为时,普通公民对民事公益诉讼也有原告资格。公益团体法人和公益律师事务所作为相关行业或领域的比较专业的组织,有权提起民事公益诉讼。