通风技术对卷烟内在质量的影响

在对卷烟通风技术对卷烟内在质量影响的研究中,我们发现,当卷烟纸透气度或滤嘴通风度发生变化时,卷烟焦油量、烟气烟碱量表现出线性变化规律;卷烟纸透气度在一定范围内增加对卷烟感官质量是有利的,滤嘴通风度对卷烟感官质量仅有负面影响。     

局部凸拓扑向量空间中的向量变分不等式与集值优化

利用与仿射上导数相关的向量变分不等式的真有效性,对局部凸拓扑向量空间中的集值优化问题的Henig有效性、超有效性、锥超有效性等给出了一些充分、必要条件,从而推广了一些已知的相关结论.     

连续谱本征函数及波函数的归一化

说明波函数归一化的物理意义,对于本征值组成分立谱和连续谱这两种情况,归一化的物理意义是相同的.对于某些连续谱本征值的特殊的理想情况,给出本征函数和波函数归一化的公式,并计算了力学量的平均值.     

Henie定理的启发--连续量与离散量的联系

给出了在数学分析解（证）题中，如何正确处理连续量与离散量的方法——“点列（数列）法”，并从几个方面例说了该方法在数学分析解（证）题中的一些应用．     

香菇UGPase酶活性及转录表达水平对不同碳氮源的响应

【目的】尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶 (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase,UGPase)是糖代谢途径中的关键酶,在生物体次生代谢产物合成过程中具有重要的作用,对其进行深入的研究,将有助于阐明糖代谢的分子机制。【方法】本实验以香菇新808为实验材料,设置不同的碳、氮源对香菇菌丝体进行液体发酵培养（25 °C,30天）,烘干菌丝体称取其生物量,利用苯酚-硫酸法测定菌丝体胞内多糖含量,通过荧光实时定量PCR检测不同碳氮源下菌丝体ugp基因的相对表达量,同时测定UGPase酶活性。【结果】结果表明,与普通PDA培养基比较,除以硝酸铵为氮源外,其余碳氮源均能提高香菇菌丝体生物量,其中以麦麸为碳源的生物量最大（0.63g）。以小分子糖（蔗糖、麦芽糖和甘露糖）为碳源、有机复合物（麦麸和黄豆芽）为氮源时,ugp基因表达量明显上调,UGPase酶活性更高,同时,其香菇菌丝胞内多糖的含量也更高。其中分别以蔗糖为碳源,以麦麸作为氮源时,ugp基因表达量、UGPase酶活性（分别为4043.80U/mg和3873U/mg）和菌丝胞内多糖含量（分别为3.60%和3.86%）最高,ugp基因表达量分别为对照组的8.19倍和6.52倍。【结论】香菇菌丝ugp基因转录表达水平、UGPase酶活性以及菌丝胞内多糖含量三者之间显示出较高的正相关性。小分子碳源（蔗糖、麦芽糖和甘露糖）、有机氮源（麦麸和黄豆芽）有助于香菇菌丝多糖的合成,其中蔗糖和麦麸可作为香菇液体发酵优势碳源和氮源。     

关于如何理解物理量熵的若干思考

热力学作为物理学最难理解的一门分支学科,其改革与创新至关重要。通过热力学与电学之间的类比,引入了基于直觉认知的热荷和热荷量的概念,由此得出熵就是热荷量这一简单而明确的定义。其结果是,熵(热荷量)与热量这两个不同性质的物理量得以清晰地区分开来,从而不仅消除了热力学的抽象性,而且还消除了熵这个物理量之前在概念上的模糊性。以全新的面貌出现的热力学不但有利于我国广大科研和工程技术人员的理解、掌握、应用和创新,有利于提升我国的科技软实力,而且也有利于大、中学生的物理教学和热力学知识的普及。     

Noether symmetry and conserved quantity for a Hamilton system with time delay

In this paper, the Noether symmetries and the conserved quantities for a Hamilton system with time delay are discussed. Firstly, the variational principles with time delay for the Hamilton system are given, and the Hamilton canonical equations with time delay are established. Secondly, according to the invariance of the function under the infinitesimal transformations of the group, the basic formulas for the variational of the Hamilton action with time delay are discussed,the definitions and the criteria of the Noether symmetric transformations and quasi-symmetric transformations with time delay are obtained, and the relationship between the Noether symmetry and the conserved quantity with time delay is studied. In addition, examples are given to illustrate the application of the results.     

The inventory models under conditional trade credit in a supply chain system

In several recent investigations dealing with the economic order quantity with permissible delay in payments, the following assumptions are made:     

用板式电位差计实验系统和SPSS标定电池的内阻

针对板式电位差计测量电阻的实验装置,以干电池为研究对象,用补偿法测量实验数据,引入SPSS的曲线估计功能,得到并验证出长度和标准电阻的复合量与长度量的定标曲线,由此标定出待测干电池的内阻。用置信概率为95的不确定度,对实验结果进行分析和评价,最终得到更为直观的、可靠的实验结果。     

An improved algorithm for the shallow water equations model reduction: Dynamic Mode Decomposition vs POD

We propose an improved framework for dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) of 2‐D flows for problems originating from meteorology when a large time step acts like a filter in obtaining the significant Koopman modes, therefore, the classic DMD method is not effective. This study is motivated by the need to further clarify the connection between Koopman modes and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) dynamic modes. We apply DMD and POD to derive reduced order models (ROM) of the shallow water equations. Key innovations for the DMD‐based ROM introduced in this paper are the use of the Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse in the DMD computation that produced an accurate result and a novel selection method for the DMD modes and associated amplitudes and Ritz values. A quantitative comparison of the spatial modes computed from the two decompositions is performed, and a rigorous error analysis for the ROM models obtained is presented. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.