缺氧对大鼠器官及抗氧化水平的损伤

为了探讨缺氧对动物器官及抗氧化水平的损伤,20只SD大鼠随机分为2组,每组10只。空白缺氧组大鼠在5000m海拔高度下,连续缺氧15d,每天8h,实验期每周称体重一次。比较两组大鼠的体重、脏器/体重、血清SOD和GSH-PX活性以及血清MDA含量差异。结果显示:空白缺氧组大鼠体重的增加(P<0 05),导致心、肝、肾、肺和脾脏与体重比显著增大(P<0 05),使血清SOD和GSH-PX活性显著下降(P<0 05),MDA含量显著增加(P<0 05)。     

再谈仿生学的应用前景

章对仿生学的概念,植物光合作用的模拟,感觉器官的模拟,大脑、神经细胞和神经网络的模拟,动物定位和导航本领的模拟,生物力学的模拟,生物电控制的模拟,酶的模拟在现代工业、农业、医学,以及国防等方面的应用前景进行了综述。     

Extraction of Naringin from Pomelo and Its Therapeutic Potentials against Hyperlipidemia

Pomelo peel is a natural plant product with numerous pharmacological effects and is used in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, we extracted naringin from pomelo peel and aimed to decipher its therapeutic potential against hyperlipidemia. We used ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain naringin prior to identifying its structure, to evaluate its ability in binding sodium glycine cholate and sodium bovine cholate in vitro by simulating the gastrointestinal environment, so as to evaluate its blood lipid-lowering activity. The hyperlipidemia mouse model was established. Following the intragastric administration of naringin for 5 weeks, we measured the weight change, organ index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), serum total cholesterol (TC), serum triglycerides (TG), liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level of mice in the normal control and high-fat diet groups in addition to the high-, medium-, and low-dose naringin groups. The pathological changes in the liver were observed under a light microscope. The total RNA of the liver was extracted, and the mRNA expression level of lipid metabolism-related factors in mouse liver was detected via a fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Naringin significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the body weight, organ index, serum TG, LDL-C, and TC levels of hyperlipidemic mice, but increased the serum HDL-C levels (p < 0.01). Furthermore, naringin increased GSH Px and SOD activity (p < 0.01), while decreasing MDA, ALT, and AST levels, as well as the liver index (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the brain, heart, spleen, kidney, and other indicators (p > 0.05). A histopathological analysis of mouse liver showed that naringin could alleviate the degenerative damage of fatty liver cells in hyperlipidemic mice. Naringin could significantly (p < 0.01) reduce the expression of FAS and SREBP-1c mRNA, and simultaneously increase PPARα mRNA expression. This study shows that naringin has the strong effect of lowering lipids and protecting the liver in hyperlipidemic mice. Our findings underscore the anti-hyperlipidemia potential of naringin and increase the scientific understanding of its anti-hyperlipidemia effects, that may lead to its potential application as a dietary strategy for hyperlipidemia management in the future.     

临床异种移植百年进展(述评)

美国最近连续报道4例基因工程猪供给人的异种器官移植，这些进展打破了异种移植临床研究领域近30年的沉静。尤其是实验性的猪心脏移植取得初步成功，引发了广泛的关注。异种移植面向未来的临床应用迈出了关键性一步。这4个案例，无论是创新精神、技术进步、审批流程，还是伦理学的同步跟进，都值得我国同行学习和借鉴。30年来，基因工程（GE）动物器官已经能在非人类灵长类动物（NHPs）模型中长时间存活。这些实验中，预存抗体、补体激活、凝血状态等机制参与的超急性排异反应基本上得到有效控制。异种移植已经达到临床应用的起跑点。然而，未来仍然有四大问题需要解决：免疫排斥、生物安全、跨种适配和伦理心理。本文简要概括临床异种移植百年来的主要进展，其困难程度可见一斑，但希望和探索从未终止。     

器官移植捐献认知度和意愿度的研究及建议

根据调查问卷,对器官移植捐献认知度和意愿度及其影响因素问题,建立多项回归Logistic模型,借助SPSS等软件,得出调查人群对器官捐献认知度和意愿度的基本情况、各因素对器官捐献认知和意愿的影响等结论并给出相应建议。     

2022年生命科学热点回眸

2022年，为应对全球新冠疫情和其他各种严重疾病，病毒疫苗开发和基因治疗领域的研究都取得了突破性进展，对于粮食作物种植和人类基因组学的研究也有了振奋人心的发现。选取了Omicron变异株、猴痘、呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗、EBV可能导致多发性硬化症、猪器官移植到人体、猪心停跳后恢复全身多器官功能、持续生产的多年生水稻、小麦条锈病分子机制、提高玉米蛋白含量和氮利用率、基因编辑技术和疗法、人类基因组无间隙序列、古基因组学等方面的研究成果进行解读。